Fed by abundant springs and close to the Dead Sea, Jericho is probably the oldest city in the ancient world, with archaeological discoveries on the tel going back between eight and ten thousand years. The readily available fruit of the oasis tempted the ancient nomadic hunter to settle. Trading the salt, without which man cannot live, from the Dead Sea, provided a source of wealth.Jericho cable car over the Jordan Valley. Photo credit: © ShutterstockThe first recorded conquest of Jericho, the tel, was by the Children of Israel, under the leadership of Joshua (Josh. 6:1-21) over three thousand years ago. Centuries later the city moved to its present place at the foot of the tel. Close by are the excavated remains of a Hasmonean and Herodian palace, including theatre and hippodrome, as well as a later one of the Arab Omayyad dynasty. Towering over Jericho is Mount Qarantal where Jesus was tempted by Satan (Mat 4:1-11, Luke 4:1-13).Jericho sits on the west bank of the Jordan River in the Palestinian Territories not far from the northern end of the Dead Sea and 10km from Jerusalem. The city is surrounded by a dry, arid environment but is inhabitable thanks to the abundant natural springs in the area. Jericho has had a long and colorful history. Jericho was occupied by Jordan from 1949 to 1967 then fell under Israeli rule until 1994 when it became part of the Palestinian Authority West Bank. Thanks to Jericho’s good relations with Israel it is a popular tourist destination included in several tours.Jericho is often called the Oldest City in the World and the Lowest City in the World. It is in fact one of the world’s oldest inhabited settlements and is located not far from the Dead Sea – the lowest point on Earth. Jericho has also been branded the City of Palms for the abundance of palms that grow in the area but also because Jericho is referred to as the City of Palms in the Bible (Deuteronomy 34:3).View of Jericho from the Mount of Temptation.Photo credit: © ShutterstockJericho in the BibleIn the Book of Joshua, we read of the Battle of Jericho when the Israelites came to conquer Canaan. The Israelite troops marched around the walls of Jericho for seven days. On the seventh day, Joshua’s army marched around Jericho seven times as seven Israelite priests blew on ram’s horns and the army shouted out. Miraculously the walls of Jericho fell.In Luke 19:1-4 Jesus enters Jericho surrounded by adoring crowds. As he makes his way into the city a local tax collector called Zacchaeus wanted to get a better look at Jesus. Zacchaeus climbed a sycamore tree so that he could see Jesus. When Jesus passed the tree he called out to Zacchaeus to join him. Jericho is also mentioned in Kings I 16:34 and in Mark 10:46-52 where Jesus cures a blind man. Jericho AttractionsMt. Temptation - From Jericho, you can take a cable car to the summit of Mount Temptation. It was here that Jesus spent 40 days and nights in the wilderness. It was also on this mount that the devil tried to tempt Jesus to forsake God. Once at the top of the mount visitors can see the Monastery of Temptation built into the hillside. Tell es-Sultan (Tel Jericho). Photo credit: © ShutterstockTell es-Sultan - The ancient mound of Tell as-Sultan lies at the foot of Mount Temptation. It is an outstanding archaeological site where ancient Jericho settlements have been excavated dating back to 9000BC. The site includes a Neolithic tower and the oldest existing city walls. Alongside the archaeological site is Ein as-Sultan (the Spring of Elisha). This natural spring has supplied the city with fresh water for centuries and continues to do so.Hisham’s Palace - The remains of this palace complex is a major Islamic archaeological site. At the excavation site, you can see the remains of the palace, bath complex, and agricultural estate dating back to the 7th century.Sycamore Tree - Visitors can see the ancient sycamore tree climbed by Zacchaeus in the Bible. Today the tree stands in the gardens of the Russian Museum. Near to Jericho is the baptismal site Qasr al-Yahud, believed to be where John baptized Jesus in the Jordan River. Also not far from Jericho is St. George's Monastery in Wadi Qelt. If you want to visit Jericho, join one of the numerous Jericho tours.Elisha Spring, Jericho.Photo credit: © Shutterstock

The modern-day city of Nazareth is the largest and capital city of Northern Israel. It is known as the Arab capital of Israel as the population is predominantly Muslim and Christian Arabs. Alongside Nazareth is Nazareth Illit with a predominantly Jewish population. However it is not modern-day Nazareth that attractions tourists to the city but the ancient biblical history. Nazareth is named in the New Testament as the hometown of Mary and Joseph and later as the town where Jesus spent his childhood. For this reason Nazareth has been a major Christian pilgrimage destination since the 6th century Byzantine era.Annunciation Church, Nazareth.Photo credit: © ShutterstockNazareth in the New TestamentThe Gospel of Luke tells us that Nazareth was the hometown of Mary and the site of the Annunciation where the Angel Gabriel appeared before her and told Mary of her future son (Luke 1:26). After Jesus was born in Bethlehem and a short sojourn in Egypt the Gospel of Matthew tells us that Joseph, Mary, and Jesus settled in Nazareth. It was here that Jesus spent his childhood.Top Nazareth AttractionsEver since the biblical sites of Nazareth were identified in the 4th century Christians have built churches to mark these locations. The most important biblical locations in Nazareth are the sites of the Annunciation and the place believed to be where the Holy family lived.Basilica of the AnnunciationNazareth’s top attraction is this magnificent church built on the site of Mary’s childhood homewhere Roman Catholics believe the Annunciation took place. A Christian altar was built on this site as early as the 4th century and since then a Byzantine and Crusader church has stood here. The church had a rough history as it was destroyed several times and Christian access was routinely denied or they were charged a fee to visit the holy site. Basilica of Annunciation in Nazareth, Israel.Photo credit: © ShutterstockFinally, in 1730 ruling sheik Zahir al-Umar allowed the Franciscans to build a church on the site of Mary’s childhood home, the site of the Annunciation. This church survived until 1955 when it was taken down to make way for a new, larger church constructed in 1967. Visitors to the Church of the Annunciation can see the remains of earlier Byzantine and Crusader churches as well as the excavated 1st-century dwelling believed to have been Mary’s childhood home and the site of the Annunciation.TheChurch of the Annunciationhas two levels; the lower level holds the excavated 1st century remains while the upper level is used as a parish church. The Basilica is topped by an unusual cement dome. One of the features of the church is a collection of mosaics from Christian communities around the world depicting Mary and baby Jesus. The church is the largest in the Middle East.The interior of Annunciation Church, Nazareth. Photo credit: © ShutterstockChurch of St. Gabriel (Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation)In the 6th century, the Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation was built near Mary’s Well over Mary’s Spring that feeds the Well. Greek Orthodox believe that the Annunciation took place here as Mary was fetching water. This is the Greek Orthodox alternative to the Catholic Church of the Annunciation. The present church was built in 1750. Visitors can still see Mary’s Spring running beneath the church altar. In the upper part of the church, there is a magnificent carved and painted wooden iconostasis from 1767. The Chapel of the Spring dates back to 1750 and features a barrel-vaulted roof and colorful marble and glazed ceramics.St Joseph's ChurchThe Church of St Joseph is perhaps Nazareth’s second most popular attraction. It stands alongside the Catholic Church of the Annunciation and commemorates the site of the Holy family’s home and Joseph’s workshop. Beneath the church are the excavated remains of a 1st-century dwelling thought to have been Joseph’s workshop and the Holy family home. the present church was built in 1914 on the site of an earlier Crusader church.St. Joseph's Church, Nazareth.Photo credit: © ShutterstockMary’s WellThe natural spring that feeds Mary’s Well is believed to have been where Mary would have gone to collect water for her family. Today the Well is a public fountain covered by a reconstruction of a 19th-century structure.Synagogue ChurchJesus returned to Nazareth twice during his ministry in Galilee. He taught in the Nazareth synagogue and it was here that he outraged worshipers by announcing his ministry and declaring himself the Messiah. The crowd chased Jesus to the top of a hill where they intended to throw him off a cliff but he miraculously disappeared. This hill is known today as Mount Precipice, or the “Hill of the Leap” located about 3km south of Nazareth. (Luke 4:16-30). The Church of Our Lady of the Fright marks the site where Mary stood as she watched Jesus attacked by the crowd. The synagogue where Jesus prayed is now marked by a Crusader-era Melkite Greek Catholic Church (Synagogue Church). Other Nazarethsites include the Coptic Church of the Annunciation; the Mensa Christi Church (1781); Basilica of Jesus the Adolescent, a large church overlooking the city from a hilltop; Nazareth Village, a recreated 1st-century village as Nazareth would have been in Jesus’ lifetime; the Anglican Christ Church; the White Mosque, the oldest mosque in the city; the gold-domes Maqam al-Nabi Saeen Mosque and the excavated Ancient bath House.To see the biblical sites of Nazareth join theNazareth and Sea of Galilee tour.Tower of the St. Joseph's Church in the Old City of Nazareth. Photo credit: © Shutterstock

These sites were named UNESCO sites of outstanding universal value in 2008 for their “profound spiritual meaning and the testimony they bear to the strong tradition of pilgrimage in the Baha’i Faith.” The sites include the faith’s two holiest sites associated with the faith’s founders as well as the surrounding grounds, gardens and other buildings and monuments in the Haifa and Western Galilee region. The locations in this area are important points on the Baha’i pilgrimage route. The holy sites have deep religious significance for the approximate 5 million followers of the Baha’i faith.The Baha’i Sites Included in the UNESCO Inscription are:Shrine of Bab, Haifa, together with the visitor center and terraced gardens.The Mansion of Bahji, Acre (where Baha’u’llah lived and died).The Mansion at Mazra’ih (6km from Acre, once owned by Abdu’llah Pasha and used by Baha’u’llah).The Shrine of Baha’u’llah, Acre (where his remains are interred).The Bahji Visitor Center.The Garden of Ridvan, Acre (where Baha’u’llah spent time in contemplation).Baha’u’llah’s prison cell, Acre (where he was confined from 1868 to 1870).The House of Abdu’llah, Acre.The two houses of Abbud, Acre (used by Baba’u’llah’s family).The house at 75 HaTzionut Avenue, Haifa (the current Baha’i Department of Holy Places).The resting place of Amatu’l-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum (wife of Shoghi Effendi and head of the faith 1957-1963), Haifa.Haifa Pilgrim Reception Center.Eastern Pilgrim House, Haifa.Second Eastern Pilgrim House, Haifa.Original Western Pilgrim House, Haifa.House of Abdu’l-Baha, Haifa.The Monument Gardens where several religious leaders and their family members are buried.Various administrative buildings in Haifa and the Western Galilee.House of Abdu’l-Baha, Acre, this is where Abdu’l-Baha lived; where his son Shoghi Effendi was born and where the remains of the Bab were kept for 10 years before being moved to their final resting place in the Haifa shrine.The Baha’i FaithThe basic principles of the Baha’i faith are the unity of religion (that there is only one God); the unity of humanity (all men were created equally) and that the purpose of man is to learn to know God through prayer and reflection. Baha’i followers believe that the leaders of the world’s main religions, including Jesus, Abraham, Moses and Krishna, were all messengers sent by God to educate humanity.In 1844 the Baha’i prophet-Herald, The Bab, began teaching his creed in Persia, he was subsequently persecuted for his beliefs and executed in 1850. Baha’u’llah, one of The Bab’s followers, became the leader of the faith and was imprisoned in Tehran for his beliefs. After his imprisonment he was expelled to Baghdad and then to Constantinople (Istanbul) and to Adrianople (Edirne). He was finally banished to Acre in 1868, which was part of the Ottoman Empire at the time. Here he was confined in prison and later allowed to live in a home near Acre, under house arrest. He spent 24 years in Acre compiling the scriptures of the faith and eventually died in 1892. His son, Abdu’l-Baha took over as leader of the faith. The faith spread to the western world and following the death of Abdu’l-Baha (1921) the religion was led by an elected body.The Shrine of Baha’u’llah, AcreAfter being released under house arrest in Acre, Baha’u’llah lived in several homes including the Mansion of Baha’u’llah where he lived and wrote most of his great writings. Here he passed away and the house became his mausoleum. The shrine is the faith’s holiest site and their Qiblih (the direction all Baha’i believers face when praying).Shrine of the Bab, HaifaIn 1909 the remains of the original founder of the Baha’i faith, Bab, were secretly brought from Persia (Iran) and interred in a tomb built for this purpose and designed by Baha’u’llah on Mount Carmel overlooking the city of Haifa. The tomb was expanded in 1953 and given a golden dome which is now a symbol of the city of Haifa. The tomb overlooks a kilometer of 19 terraced gardens which cascade down Mount Carmel.

The Old City of Jerusalem is home to some of the most beautiful and unique churches in Israel and certainly the most important church of all, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. This is, according to the Orthodox and Catholic church, the place where Jesus Christ was crucifed, burried and resurrected. In 1982, the Old City was put on the List of Worldheritages in Danger by UNESCO. The site is at risk due to urbanization of its surroundings, mass tourism, and geopolitical issues.Church of the Holy Sepulchre.Photo credit: © Dmitry MishinChurch of the Holy SepulchreThe largest and most important church in Jerusalem’s Old City is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. It holds the 10th to 14th Stations of Cross along the Via Dolorosa which Jesus took on his route to his crucifixion. On this site Jesus was stripped (10th Station); nailed to the cross (11th Station); died on the cross on the Rock of Golgotha or Hill of Calvary (12th Station); taken down off the cross (13th Station ) and Jesus was laid to rest in his tomb or Sepulchre at the 14th Station. An early church on this site dates back to 333 AD but it was destroyed by the Persians about 300 years later and a new structure was constructed. This too was leveled in 1010 AD and under the Crusaders the church was rebuilt and inaugurated in 1149 AD. The church is shared by the Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Ethiopian, Coptic, Armenian, and Syriac Orthodox churches. The vast church is adorned with many stunning works of liturgical art, there are many small altars and individual chapels within the church but the focus of the structure is the large Rotunda where Jesus’ tomb is located. At the entrance to the church is the Stone of Anointing where Jesus’ body was laid after being removed from the cross. All major Christian events and festivals are celebrated in the church.Church of the Holy Sepulchre.Photo credit: © ShutterstockLutheran Church of the RedeemerThis German Lutheran Church of the Redeemer is in the Christian Quarter and was constructed in the 19th century on the site of a Crusader church; the Crusader gate was incorporated in the side of the present church. At one point the church functioned as a hostel and hospital for Crusaders. The first Chapel of St. John was constructed here in 1871 and in 1898 the Church of the Redeemer was built by Friedrich Adler. Above the entrance is the sign of the lamb of God and on one side is an eagle, the symbol of Imperial Germany while on the other side is the Maltese Cross, a symbol of the Crusader order of St. John. The church’s white square bell tower is 48 meters high making it the tallest tower within the Old City walls. It is possible to climb a spiral staircase within the tower for views across the city.German Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem.Photo credit: © ShutterstockChurch of St. John the BaptistThis Greek Orthodox Church and monastery of St. John the Baptist in the Christian Quarter consists of a 5th-century Byzantine church on a lower level and an upper dome and a double bell tower from the 11th century Crusader era. The lower church holds relics of John the Baptist and was destroyed in the 7th century. The Knights Hospitallers took over the site in the 11th century and used the space as a hostel and hospital. The Hospitallers were a military group of Christians charged with protecting the Holy Land. They saw the renovation of the church site. Again in 1839 the church and monastery were renovated.St. Anne’s ChurchSt Anne's Church, Jerusalem - believed to be the birthplace of Mary. This is a large building close to the Lions’ Gate adjacent to the Pools of Bethesda. The church was built during the Crusader era over the ruins of a 5th century Byzantine church. It is dedicated to the Virgin Mary’s mother Anne and father Joachim; Mary is believed to have been born in a cave-dwelling now located beneath the church in the church crypt. An inscription above the entrance dated 1192 tells of how Saladin converted the church to a school. The interior is divided into three halls by thick pillars supporting a vaulted ceiling.St Anne's Church, Jerusalem.Photo credit: © ShutterstockChapel of the FlagellationThis Catholic Franciscan church complex is situated at the 2nd Station along the Via Dolorosa where Roman soldiers flogged Jesus. The first chapel on this site was constructed in 1832 on land given to the Franciscans by the conquering Egyptians. It was rebuilt in the 1920s and designed by well-known Italian architect Antonio Barluzzi. A sealed gate entrance on the outer wall of the monastery is topped with a metal seal bearing the 5 cross symbol of the Franciscans and the arms of Jesus and St. Francis crossed over a crucifix. The church’s best features are the large stained glass windows on three sides of the church. The church of Condemnation is also accessed from the inner courtyard, it commemorates where Jesus was condemned and where he took up his cross. This church has 5 white domed roofs and large stained glass windows. The church interior is predominantly white with a colorful mural behind the altar and pink marble columns supporting the ceiling. Archaeological findings are displayed on the western wall outside the chapel and in the garden courtyard.Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Photo credit: © Dmitry MishinChurch of Our Lady of the SunLocated at the 4th Station along the Via Dolorosa this Armenian Church marks the place where Mary saw her son pass by carrying the cross. Within the church is a beautiful 5th-century mosaic floor, imprinted in the floor is the outline of two sandals said to be the footprints of Mary.Church of the Holy FaceChurch of the Holy Face - JerusalemThis small church is run by the Little Sisters, a Greek Catholic order, inside you can see restored Crusader arches.Monastery of St. CharalambosThis is a Greek Orthodox monastery located at the 8th Station along the Via Dolorosa.; it marks the place where Jesus comforted the lamenting women.Near the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem. Photo credit: © ShutterstockSt. James CathedralLocated in the Armenian Quarter,St. James Cathedral is dedicated to James the Great, one of the apostles, and James the Less, Jesus’ brother who was also the first bishop of Jerusalem. It is thought to have been built on the site where Herod killed James the Great. An inscription above the main entrance features the date 1488 but earlier churches on this site date back to the 6th century. The Armenians are famous for their intricate artwork, ceramics mixed with metals and stone and the church displays many stunning examples of their talents. This is also the site of the Armenian library where there are more than 4,000 illuminated manuscripts and the Church of St. Toros which is covered with brightly colored glazed tiles. The cathedral complex has several inner courtyards.Dei res-Sultan Ethiopian ChurchThe Ethiopian Christians have been a part of Jerusalem since the 4th century, this church which is situated on the roof of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was the only Ethiopian church in the city until 1888 when the land was acquired outside the Old City walls and the Debra Gannet Monastery was built. The chapel is dedicated to St. Michael and the walls are adorned with brightly colored exotic pictures of the saint which date back 100 years. One of the paintings is of King Solomon meeting the Queen of Sheba who is believed to have come from Ethiopia. The ceiling of the church is covered with a starry night in blue, silver, and gold.Dei res-Sultan Ethiopian Church.Photo credit: © Dmitry MishinChurch of Saint Alexander NevskyThis Russian Orthodox Church is located near to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the church is built over the remains of what is thought to have been the Judgment Gate where Jesus passed on his way to Golgotha. The church structure incorporates a section of the ancient Herodian city wall and a pagan temple constructed after 70AD. The plain stone structure is decorated with pictures of saints and icons, it is possible o see the remains of the Judgment Gate at the church.St. Mark’s Syriac Church and MonasteryLocated in the Armenian Quarter this church belongs to one of the oldest Christian denominations in the world. The Syriac Church practices the earliest known form of Christian liturgy and uses the Syriac language, which is a dialect of Aramaic, the language spoken by Christ. They believe that the church is located on the site of Mary of Jerusalem’s house, she was St. Mark’s mother, and the house features in the New Testament. The church is associated with the Last Supper, an appearance by Jesus following his resurrection and the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. Here you can see a Byzantine painting on the leather of Mary and Jesus; inscriptions on the walls and the rich embellishments of the church decoration. The 12th-century church was constructed on the site of a 4th-century place of worship which is located in the church crypt.To see the churches of the Old City of Jerusalem join one of multiple Jerusalem tours.Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky. Photo credit: © Dan Porges

The Israeli bathing season officially opened and will last until October 17. Israel’s beaches spread across 306 kilometers (190 miles), but the authorized public beaches measure a little less than 19 kilometers (11 miles) in length. Another 190 kilometers (118 miles) belong to beaches which have not been declared, but which the public has access to. The public has no access to some 97 kilometers (60 miles).In total, Israel has 137 authorized beaches, including 92 along the Mediterranean Sea, 24 in Lake Kinneret, 17 in the Dead Sea, and four along the Red Sea. At the moment, the only beach which may not be opened for bathing is in the northern city of Akko, where authorities are waiting for an answer from the Environmental Protection Ministry in regards to pollution discovered on a nearby shore. The bathing season will open as planned in Herzliya and Bat Yam, where a malfunction in the sewerage was recently fixed and the flow of sewage to the sea was stopped. And how much will one pay for bathing? By law, a local authority with an authorized public beach within its boundaries can charge an entry fee to the beach only after receiving approval from the interior minister. The entry fee will be NIS 10 (about $2.3) for bathers over the age of 13. In addition, the beach must have an open, free-of-charge beach nearby, so that the bathers can decide which one to go to.At the moment, only nine authorized public beaches are allowed to charge an entry fee. According to Yosef Amar, an Interior Ministry official in charge of public beaches, all other beaches are not allowed to charge an entry fee, and those which do are committing a criminal offense. “We call on all bathers who have been charged money for using a beach which has no approval to do so, to file a complaint with the police or contact us and we will file the complaint,” he said. However, there are those who skirt the law and charge money for parking in a parking lot adjacent to a public beach. According to Amar, the parking lots are the responsibility of the local authorities rather than of the Ministry of Interior

The Jacob’s Ladder Folk Festival is one of Israel’s best known festivals held annually since 1978 and is especially popular with the Israeli English speaking community having been established by immigrants from England. In keeping with tradition, in 2012 the festival will celebrate the music from a wide range of folk music genres and styles not only from Israel but from around the world. This music festival goes a step further and is a social event with spontaneous dancing in areas especially reserved for this purpose. Some of the musical styles that can be heard this year are Bluegrass, Irish jigs, American country music, blues, country rock and Israeli folk music. Together with the musical entertainment there will be opportunities for families and friends to relax or take part in fun activities.Nof Ginsar’s idyllic location along the Sea of Galilee means that visitors can enjoy many of the surrounding attractions as well as the music, countryside and excellent weather. The festival is held bi-annually in the winter and the spring, in winter the festival is intimate and held indoors while in the spring outdoor events are held and participants can camp in the provided camp grounds.

As Muslim holidays are not officially part of the Israeli national calendar the observers of these holidays can take personal days off work and Muslim owned businesses can choose to close or close early. You can best feel the Muslim holidays in East Jerusalem and Arab villages, towns and cities where there is a large Muslim population. In Jerusalem’s Old City the Muslim Quarter and the Temple Mount are the focus of Muslim holiday celebrations. Muslims observe Friday as their weekly holy day. Muslim holidays begin at sundown on the day preceding the date listed below. As the Muslim calendar is lunar the dates can vary so here are the predicted dates for the main Muslim holidays in Israel for 2014.Mawlid al-Nabi (January 13th 2014) The Prophet’s birthday is celebrated with family gatherings and special prayers.Laylat al-Miraj (May th 2014) This holiday celebrates Muhammad’s Night Journey to Heaven from the Dome of the Rock as described in the Quran. Many Muslim families visit the Temple Mount and the Dome of the Rock on this day. Families come to mosques where there are special prayers and the story of the Night Journey is told to the kids. The prayers are often followed by a feast.Ramadan (June 28th – July 27th; June 18th-July 17th 2015) During the month-long period where Muslims fast during sunlight hours the visiting times at Muslim sites in Israel are often shorter. In Jerusalem, the beginning of Ramadan and each sundown during the month is signaled by cannons being fired from the Eastern Jerusalem Armory. The gates of the Old City are strung with festive lights. This is a great time to visit certain Arab villages in the evening after sundown. At Umm al-Fahem the streets come alive at night with people strolling through the streets and eating delicacies from the bakeries which sell traditional sweets and desserts.Eid-ul-Fitr (July 28th 2014) Eid-ul-Fitr is a three day celebration marking the end of Ramadan; it involves dressing in your best clothes, prayer, celebrating and feasting. The holiday can be best shared with the Muslim community in the Muslim Quarter of Jerusalem’s Old City and East Jerusalem although there will be crowds at the main sites and some businesses may be closed. Muslims in Israel often decorate their homes with lights, gather together to prepare traditional foods and have a festive time. Families also like to visit the beach during this holiday.Eid-ul-Adha (October 4th 2014; September 24th 2015) This holiday celebrates Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son to God; it also marks the end of the annual Hajj to Mecca. It is traditional to eat mutton, dates, nuts and where possible a lamb is slaughtered as part of the festivities and feast.Al-Hijira (October 15th 2014) The Islamic New Year marks the move by Muhammad and his followers to Medina (622BC). This holiday is not celebrated with loud parties and fireworks as in the Christian culture.

The Haifa municipality operates six museums under the name “Six Museums in One Frame.” These are the most important and some of the most interesting museums in the city.Haifa Museum of ArtHaifa Museum of ArtThe museum’s permanent collection includes over 7,500 works of art by both local and international artists. The work represents a wide variety of artistic movements and phases in art history. Among the collection are, works on paper by Marc Chagall, Odilon Redon, Andre Masson and Chana Orloff. There are also works of digital media art and video art from the early era of this genre in the 1960s. The museum is housed in a historical building in Downtown Haifa.Tikotin Museum of Japanese ArtTikotin MuseumThis museum was established in 1959 and exhibits contemporary and traditional Japanese art. The art forms cover a broad spectrum including martial art objects, Japanese textiles, prints, modern miniatures, illustrated books, lacquer ware, masks, metal work, applied arts, Japanese porcelain, swords, traditional costume, sculptures, calligraphy and paintings. The museum building was designed to include Japanese moving paper-covered doors and a Zen garden. This is the only museum in the Middle East devoted solely to Japanese art and culture. In addition to the permanent collection, the museum holds regular temporary exhibitions like the present exhibition of Cosplay and Kimono. The museum also hosts regular lectures, workshops for children and adults as well as screenings.The National Maritime MuseumMaritime MuseumThis museum holds a number of exhibitions each focused on a different era of seamanship including a section on pirates! The museum highlights the history of shipping in the Mediterranean and Haifa’s marine history. On display are over 5,000 rare artifacts recovered from sunken ships, sub-marine archeology. Other themes include marine mythology, marine art, anchors, coins, nautical instruments, maps, model ships and the Greco-Roman era. This museum is very popular with kids and there are regular children’s activities and workshops. If this subject interests you visit the nearby Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum.Haifa City MuseumThe Haifa City Museum is housed in a historic house which was the first Templar building in Haifa in what is now the German Colony. Visitors can take a journey back in time to the establishment of Haifa al-Jadida in the 18th century by Sheikh Dahir al-Umar al-Zaydani. Follow the progress of the city as it grew into the modern, cosmopolitan city that it is today. The museum highlights the cultural and historical diversity of Haifa. The themed exhibits focus on the character of the city and its different communities. The permanent exhibition is a chronological timeline of Haifa’s history in three important periods – the Ottoman era, British Mandate and the establishment of the State of Israel. The museum hosts temporary exhibitions like the present exhibition of historic photographs entitled “Childhood in Haifa from 1930 to 1960.”Mane-Katz MuseumMane-Katz MuseumThis museum is housed in the former home of artist Mane Katz; an influential figure in the School of Paris art movement which thrived in Paris between the two world wars and included many Eastern to Central European Jewish artists. When Katz immigrated to Israel in 1957 he was already a well-known name in the art world. The city of Haifa provided Katz with a home and in exchange Katz agreed to bequeath his estate and work to the city. Here you can see art on display which shows the connection between traditional Judaism and art. Together with the work by Mane Katz there are exhibits of work by contemporary and modern artists like Chaim Sutine, Jozef Israels, Max Liebermann, Camille Pissarro and Maurycy Gottlieb. The museum also has space for temporary exhibitions and a balcony café overlooking the Haifa Bay.Hermann Struck MuseumThis museum was established in the former home of artist Hermann Struck (1876-1944), a prominent 20th-century German artist who excelled in the field of etchings and printmaking. Struck rose to fame in Germany as part of the modern art movement Berlin Secession. He was commissioned to create portraits of Nietzsche, Ibsen, Freud, Herzl, Einstein and Oscar Wilde among other leading figures. Being a passionate Zionist he signed his art with the Star of David and his Hebrew name (Chaim Aaron ben David). He concentrated on two themes – landscapes and portraits. The museum displays contemporary and temporary exhibitions in the art of printmaking as well as its permanent collection of Struck’s personal artifacts, furniture, books, paintings and prints. On display are prints, silk-screen, woodblock and works in oil. The museum’s valuable permanent collection includes approximately 500 works by Struck and his pupils, among them Max Slevogt, Lovis Corinth and Max Lieberman.Practical Information:It is possible to purchase a ticket (60 ILS) which covers all 6 of the Haifa municipal museums allowing you one-time entry to all 6 within a week.Haifa Museum of ArtWhere: 26 Shabbatai Levi Street, HaifaAdmission: 45 ILSOpen Hours: Sun-Wed 10am-4pm; Thurs 10am-7pm; Fri 10am-1pm; Sat 10am-3pmTikotin MuseumWhere: Kisch House, Hanassi Blvd, HaifaAdmission: 35 ILSOpen Hours: Sat-Thurs 10am-7pm; Fri10am-1pm.Maritime MuseumWhere: 198 Allenby Street, HaifaAdmission: 35 ILSOpen Hours: Sun-Thurs 10am-4pm; Fri 10am-1pm; Sat 10am-3pmCity MuseumWhere: 11 Ben Gurion Street, HaifaAdmission: 35 ILSOpen Hours: Sun-Wed 10am-4pm; Thurs 4pm-7pm; Fri 10am-1pm; Sat 10am-3pmMane-Katz MuseumWhere: 89 Yefe Nof Street, HaifaAdmission: 35 ILSOpen Hours: Sun-Wed 10am-4pm; Thurs 10am-7pm; Fri 10am-1pm; Sat 10am-3pmHermann Struck MuseumWhere: 23 Arlosoroff Street, HaifaAdmission: 35 ILSOpen Hours: Sun-Wed 10am-4pm; Thurs 10am-7pm; Fri 10am-1pm; Sat closed.

The Haifa region is one of the most beautiful in the country; it is blessed with forest covered mountains, valleys, rivers, the sea and vibrant cities. Here is an idea for a fun family outing to get a taste of Israel’s countryside and have an adventure. If you are coming from the Tel Aviv drive up the coastal road (route #2) passed Herzliya, Netanya and Caesarea. All the way you will have gorgeous Mediterranean Sea on your left and farmlands on your right. Turn onto route 70 at the Zichron Yaakov Interchange; at the Fureidis junction connect with route 4 traveling north. After about 20 minutes you will see Nahal Mearot on your right.View of Haifa from the top of Mount Carmel.Photo by Ste Ben8 on UnsplashNahal MearotOnce you reach the end of the cave there is a short film showing the dramatized life of a family of prehistoric cave dwellers. Just outside the Nahal Cave, you can see where one of 84 buried prehistoric skeletons was found. Next to the entrance of each cave, there is an information board with illustrations showing how the caves were formed and explanations in English and Hebrew.When you have enjoyed the fresh mountain air and views from the mountain slopes it is time to continue the day’s adventure. Continue north on route 4 until route 721 takes you east up into the Carmel Mountains. You’ll be surrounded by greenery as you wend your way along narrow roads clinging to the mountainsides.This route takes you through Mount Carmel National Park In 1989 a massive forest fire swept across the Carmel Mountains destroying 790 acres of natural forest. Again in 2010 a forest fire erupted across Mount Carmel and raged for 4 days claiming the lives of 44 people. 17,000 people were evacuated and 9,900 acres of forest were destroyed.Since then major projects have been initiated to replant trees across Carmel. A drive through this area; through the heart of the disaster area will show you that the forests are again thriving. Look out along the way for the mountain top memorial to those who lost their lives in the fire. The monument is a beautiful sculpture that can be seen from far away. Turn onto Route 672 which takes you past the Haifa University campus and make a sharp right onto route 705 which will bring you to the JNF Eagle Park or KKL Nesher Park.Haifa view from the Bahai Gardens' Terrace. Photo by Piotr Musioł on UnsplashNesher Park – The Hanging BridgesKids will love this short hike which takes you down a level footpath through the vegetation along the edge of a wadi (dry river gully). Looking up you can see the tall university building; the tallest building on the Carmel Mountain which looks down over Haifa. The footpath brings you to a 70-meter steel cable suspended bridge crossing the gully of Nahal Katia.The gully flows with water during the winter. Cross the bridge and then decide if you want to descend into the gully for a longer route or make a circular route crossing another suspension bridge a little further along to bring you back to where you started. In the gully, there is a quaint stone bridge that takes you further down to a woodland area where there are benches, picnic spots, and lookout points.The whole route takes about an hour to complete. Continuing on your day trip return to route 672 and wend your way down the mountainside into the city of Haifa. Route 672 reaches a fork in the road where you take the right-hand route 23 along Bikurim Street, HaAsif Street, and then left onto Sderot Kish which becomes Yefe Nof Street. Park your car on Yefe Nof when you see signs to the Ba’ha Gardens and follow the path downwards.Sailboat at Haifa Bay.Photo by Fr. Daniel Ciucci on UnsplashBa’hai Gardens, HaifaThe Ba’hai Gardens were built as a setting for the shrines of the founders of the Ba’hai faith. The Ba’hai faith is a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the Bab and Bah’a’u’llah; prophets who received revelations from God. The Ba’hai accept the validity of other faiths and have a unique worldview.There are 450 plant species in the gardens which stretch for 1km on the northern slope of Mount Carmel in the heart of Haifa. From the top to the bottom of the 19 garden terraces it is 225 meters and at its widest point, the gardens are 400 meters wide. There are three access points to the Ba’hai Garden – from Yefe Nof Street above the upper gardens and shrine; from Hatzionut Avenue which is on the same level as the Shrine or from the bottom of the gardens at the plaza on the junction of Ben Gurion Ave and Hagefen Street in the German Colony.At 61 Yefe Nof Street, there is a viewing balcony where you can have a panoramic view of the terraced gardens and the bay of Haifa. Descending along paved paths through the gardens from the crest of Mount Carmel towards the Shrine of the Bab you will see the amazing terraces of formal and informal gardens. Halfway down the garden is the Shrine of the Bab a solemn holy site and a symbol of Haifa. The small Grecian-style shrine has a distinctive gold dome and white walls. Below the shrine, the garden terraces continue flanked by twin streams of cascading water, bridges, and steps.The Shrine of the Báb, Haifa. Photo by Ameer Basheer on UnsplashMore Sites along the WayIf that is not enough for one day or if you want to swap one of these sites for another there are many other great attractions in the area. You could visit the former British detainee camp in Atlit; the artists’ village of Ein Hod; the Haifa Science Museum or spend time on one of Haifa’s beaches. You could also follow this itinerary in reverse order.Practical InformationNahal Mearot: Admission: Adult 22 ILS, child 10 ILS, student 19 ILS, senior 11 ILS. Open Hours: Sun-Thurs 8 am-5 pm; Friday and holiday Eves 8 am-4 pm. Closure an hour earlier in winter. Information: 04 9841750/2Nesher Park: Admission: Free. Open Hours: Visit in daylight hours.Ba’hai Gardens: Admission: Free. Open Hours: Outer Gardens 9 am-5 pm daily; Shrine and Inner Gardens 9 am-noon. There are walk-in tours in English at noon every day except Wednesdays and also at 1:30 pm on Saturdays. Other tours in Hebrew, Russian and Arabic are held at 10 am, 11:30 am, 12:30 pm, 1:30 pm, and 2 pm daily except on Wednesdays. The site is closed on the Ba’hai holidays and temporarily in rainy weather. Note: As a religious site please dress modestly and act with respect at the Ba’hai Shrine.For a real taste of local life in Haifa and its surroundings, book a private Haifa tour!Bahai Gardens, Haifa.Photo by David Holifield on Unsplash

You’re probably familiar with Israel’s most famous national parks – Masada, Ein Gedi, Ramon Crater and Caesarea but did you know there over 150 nature reserves and national parks? Some of the lesser known parks and reserves are amazing and offer a completely different insight into this beautiful country.Birdwatching on Hula Lake. Photo credit: © ShutterstockGan HaShlosha National ParkAlso known as Park Sahne this is an amazing park with lush greenery and a natural warm water spring pool where you can swim and enjoy the natural jacuzzi under the waterfall. Thanks to the warm water this bathing spot stays open year-round and is perfect for family outings. There is a lifeguard on duty, showers, a playground, and shaded areas. On the edge of the water, there are picnic tables and lawns. You can also see a restored water-powered mill and see a model of Tel Amal, a Jewish tower and stockade settlement built in 1936 under the British Mandate. Here you can see everyday objects from that era, a short film on the 1936-39 Arab Revolt and the restored living quarters and dining hall. There is also a Mediterranean Archaeological Museum displaying rare tools from ancient Greece, excavated items from Beit Shean, and artifacts uncovered in Israel from ancient Egypt and Persia. The entrance is 40ILS (12,5 USD) for adults and 24ILS (7,5 USD) for children.Gan Hashlosha (Sahne) National Park. Photo credit: ©Manu Grinspan. Published with permission of the Israel Nature and Parks AuthorityBeit Guvrin National ParkBeit Guvrin is one of the hidden gems of Israel as the most exciting sites within the park are below the ground! The park encompasses the ruins of a First Temple-era town, Maresha-Beit Guvrin National Park itself was an important Roman-era town known as Eleutheropolis. In the park, there are a Roman-Byzantine amphitheater, Roman public baths, mosaics, a Byzantine church, and a network of caves beneath the ground. There are incredible Sidonian burial caves with vivid paintings on the rocks of animals, birds, and mythical creatures. In the tomb of the musicians, there are paintings of a man playing the flute and a woman playing the harp. Thousands of years ago people started cutting into the limestone rock, quarrying out the rock for construction, and creating spaces for use as storerooms, burial caves, dovecotes, and hideouts. There are about 800 bell-shaped caves and passageways connecting a group of about 40 caves. Visitors to the park are given a map showing where the entrances to the caves are located and then you set out following well-maintained paths across the countryside to each cave. Each of the caves has been made accessible with railings and stairs where necessary. See an underground columbarium (dovecote), a cistern system, and the maze cave. Some of the caves are over 18 meters high and these simply have to be seen to believe! Entrance is 29ILs (9 USD) for adults and 15ILS (5 USD) for children.Bell Cave, Beit Guvrin. Photo credit: © ShutterstockAkhziv National ParkIf you’re looking for paradise on a beach this could be it! Here you’ll find sea-pool bathing beaches, rocky crevices, blue bays, lagoons, and 5km of sandy beaches. There are also picnic areas, BBQ areas, and camping areas. Bird watchers can spot the nesting seagulls on Nahli’Feli Island just off the coast. Here loggerhead sea turtles and green sea turtles come to lay their eggs. Achziv is the site of an ancient port city where there have been numerous archaeological findings. Since the Iron Age Achziv has been inhabited and it is mentioned in the Book of Joshua. During the Mishnah era, it was a thriving city and under the Crusaders it was gifted to one of the knights. When the Mamluks conquered the city they established a fishing village called Az-Zeeb which remained until the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Not far from Akhziv National Park is Akhzivland – a micro-nation founded in 1971 by an innovative Israel war veteran, Eli Avivi. He moved into the remaining buildings of the former fishing village and now has a hostel, camping ground, and museum in the former home of the Az-Zeeb mukhtar. The story of this unusual mini-country with one self-elected president is fascinating. After years of court battles on charges of “creating a country without permission” the State of Israel leased Avivi the land for 99 years. Entrance to the national park is 35ILS for adults and 21ILS for children.Akhziv National Park. Photo credit: © Doron Nissim. Published with permission of the Israel Nature and Parks AuthorityPa’ar Cave Nature ReserveThis is a karstic sinkhole in Upper Galilee. A karstic sinkhole is formed when soft rock beneath the surface of the ground is eroded by constant underground drainage systems so that the waterworks away at the rock until it collapses forming a hole or cave. The Pa’ar Cave was formed by water flowing from the Pa’ar stream underground. In the winter you can see the water seeping through the rock beneath the ground. The nature reserve covers 3.5 acres and is free. Above ground, the reserve has some rare flora and fauna.Avshalom National Nature ReserveAvshalom Cave also known as Soreq Stalactite Cave is a stalactite cave covering 5,000m² on the slopes of Mount Ye’ela in the Judean Hills. The cave was discovered by accident in 1968 following quarry explosions. Today there is a spectacular lighting system that illuminates the stalactite formations and also protects them from erosion. A path takes visitors through the cave past the gorgeous formations.Some of the stalactites are more than 4 meters long and date back 300,000 years. Some of the formations have been given nicknames according to what they resemble. Above ground, there is an information center, souvenir store, and kiosk. You can also explore the beautiful landscape of the park above ground where there are some beautiful flowers and rare plants. Entrance is 29ILS for adults and 15ILS for children.Stalactite Cave, Israel. Photo credit: © Daniela Turgeman. Published with permission of the Israel Nature and Parks Authority

There are so many things to see and do in Jerusalem that narrowing down the list to just 10 is almost impossible – but someone has to do it! If your time in the City of Gold is limited then you will need to pick and choose only the best attractions and activities in Jerusalem.Tourists in Jerusalem Biblical Zoo. Photo credit: © Dmitry MishinJerusalem is the capital of the State of Israel and a sacred city in the Christian, Muslim, and Jewish faiths. Over the course of thousands of years, Jerusalem has remained a truly eternal city and one with certain magic which can only really be understood when you there surrounded by biblical, Byzantine, Crusader, Ottoman, and modern historical sites.1. Old City, JerusalemOk, so this is a bit of a cheat, as the Old City of Jerusalem is one site with many attractions. Within the ancient Old City walls are the top attractions of the city and the most important Christian, Muslim, and Jewishholy sites. In addition to the most famous sites, there are many hidden gems, markets, stores, excavated Roman ruins, synagogues, and churches in the Old City of Jerusalem. You can follow the Via Dolorosa, visit David's Tower, see a Sound and Light Show or walk the Ramparts.Church of the Holy Sepulchre – This huge church was consecrated in 335AD and holds the last five Stations of the Cross, the Stone of Anointing, Calvary, the holy tomb or sepulcher where Jesus was buried and resurrected, and many small chapels. The church marks the end of the Via Dolorosa, the route Jesus took through the Old City towards his crucifixion.Western Wall – The Kotel (Wailing Wall) is a segment that has survived from the original Second Jewish Temple which was destroyed in 70AD. Today Jews pray at the Western Wall as they do in synagogues. This holy site is the closest Jews can get to the site on Temple Mount where the Temple once stood. You can place a prayer note between the large limestone blocks which make up the wall. You can visit the Western Wall Tunnels running beneath the Old City along part of the Wall which is hidden underground.Temple Mount – The Jewish Holy Temple stood here almost 2,000 years ago and today it is the site of the Dome of the Rock, Al-Aqsa Mosque, and the Dome of the Chain. It is the holiest Jewish site and the holiestMuslim site in Israel. The Koran tells of Mohammed reaching the al-Aqsa Mosque after the Night Journey and of Muhammad’s ascent to heaven from the stone which is within the Dome of the Rock.Dome of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.Photo credit: © Dmitry Mishin2. Holocaust Museum Yad Vashem, JerusalemPerched on Mount Herzl overlooking the forests and hills of Jerusalem is this memorial to those who lost their lives in the Holocaust. The Holocaust Museum includes a Children’s Memorial, Hall of Remembrance, Museum of Holocaust Art, a sculpture garden, and the Garden of the Righteous Among Nations. Here you can see filmed testimonials from people who were in the Nazi concentration camps as well as thousands of authentic artifacts from the camps and the Holocaust period. The museum building has a unique design that leads you through the Holocaust story with multimedia exhibits, provocative displays, and somber photographs and documents.3. Mahane Yehuda Market, JerusalemGet a taste of Jerusalem’s “shuk” a marketplace with all the character, color, flavors, and aromas of the Middle East. The Mahane Yehuda market is spread over several lanes and stalls are loaded up with fresh produce, baked goods, spices, nuts, dried fruit, and even household items and clothing. There are several eateries in the market where you can try some authentic Jerusalem cuisine.4. Israel Museum, JerusalemIsrael’s national art and archaeological museum exhibits a vast range of Israeli and international art and artifacts. Among the gems of the Israel museum, there is the oldest artwork in the world, a Youth Wing, fine art, pieces by Rembrandt, Chagall, Pissarro, Henry Moore sculptures, and a special section devoted to Jewish Art and Life. On the grounds of the museum is a model of the 2nd Temple and the Shrine of the Book, where you can see the Dead Sea Scrolls, the oldest copy of the Bible in the world.Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum, Jerusalem. Photo by Snowscat on Unsplash5. Mount of OlivesLike the Old City, this site holds several attractions. The mount stands alongside the Old City; it has been used as a Jewish cemetery for over 3,000 years. The mount features several sites from the New Testament. Among the landmarks on the Mount of Olives is Augusta Victoria Hospital; the Russian Orthodox Church of Mary Magdalene with its distinctive gold onion domes; the Seven Arches Hotel and the Dome of the Ascension which holds a stone with the last footprint of Jesus before he ascended to heaven. For a great view of the city visit the observation promenade on the Mount of Olives.Church of the Pater Noster – This church stands where Christ taught his disciples the Lord’s Prayer. The present church bears plaques featuring the Lord’s Prayer in more than 100 different languages.Church of Dominus Flevit – From here Jesus looked out over Jerusalem and wept. The present tear-shaped church was built in 1955 and has a window overlooking the Old City so that visitors can experience the same view that Jesus would have seen.Garden of Gethsemane – Here it is believed that Jesus came to pray just a few hours before his capture by the Romans and subsequent crucifixion.Church of All Nations – The Basilica of Agony built in 1924 is recognizable from afar by its large colorful mosaic above the entrance portico and its 12 grey domes on the roof. The church marks the site where Jesus prayed on the night of his arrest.Burying damaged Jewish prayer books, Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery. Photo by Zoltan Tasi on Unsplash6. Jerusalem Biblical ZooAt Jerusalem Biblical Zoo, you can see animals that are mentioned in the Old Testament as well as endangered species. The zoo covers 62 acres and is designed with lush gardens and trees. There is a man-made lake, pools, waterfalls, and a miniature train. The animal enclosures are without conventional bars and cages but rather recreate the animal’s natural environments. Over 2,000 animals live at this zoo and by each enclosure, you can see the quote from the Bible which mentions the featured animal.7. City of DavidThe original City of David established in the 10th-9th century BC existed outside the present Old City walls. Today the site has been excavated to reveal water tunnels that brought water to the city and the remains of a city. Visitors can follow Hezekiah’s tunnels, see the remnants of homes from the biblical period and the remains of a Canaanite fortress. This is an exciting experience as you walk through the dark tunnels with water at your feet from Gihon Spring to the Pool of Siloam8. Knesset – Israeli Parliament BuildingYou can visit this important building and take a look from the outside or take a tour of the interior. Tours are held on Sunday and Thursday at 8:30 am, noon, and 2 pm, they last an hour and are free but remember to bring your passport. You don’t need to book in advance for one of these tours. On the tour, you’ll get an overview of the workings of the Israeli parliament as well as get to see the magnificent works of art and photography on the Knesset walls. The Knesset holds several valuable pieces including works by Reuven Rubin, Kedma, and Moshe Castel. The tour stops at the Chagall Hall, Knesset Library, Plenary Chamber, and other architecturally interesting points in the building. At the moment, only virtual tours are possible.Mahane Yehuda Market. Photo by Roxanne Desgagnés on Unsplash9. Mount ZionMount Zion is located on the edge of the Old City. Like the Old City and Mount of Olives, you can see several attractions on Mount Zion. The most significant sites are the Room of the Last Supper where Jesus ate with his disciples on the night of his arrest and the Tomb of David where King David is said to be buried. Other must-see attractions on Mount Zion include the Dormition Abbey, the Chamber of the Holocaust, and a Catholic cemetery where Oskar Schindler (of Schindler’s List) is buried.10. Ein KeremThis ancient village is built on a hillside surrounded by hills, olive groves, vineyards, and forests. It is the traditional site where John the Baptist was born and one of Jerusalem’s most picturesque neighborhoods. It is an idyllic green area with quaint stone houses, courtyard cafes and restaurants, and several small churches and monasteries. Ein Kerem landmarks include the Church of St. John the Baptist; Church of the Visitation; Les Soeurs de Notre-Dame de Sion Russian Orthodox Convent and Mary’s Spring.Liked this article? Join a One Day tour to Jerusalem Old & NewDormition Abbey, Mount Zion.Photo credit: © Dmitry Mishin

Food is always a highlight of any trip to Israel; the country has delicious locally created dishes and many international imports brought to the Holy Land by immigrants. Wine has been produced in Israel since Biblical times and the rich soil and varied terrains provide nourishing earth for the local vineyards. If you are lucky enough to be in Israel during one of these food and beverage festivals then you will have the opportunity to sample some of the country’s best cuisine.Chefs for Peace Food EventThis festival was established by a group of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish chefs who want to promote peace by bringing people together over a meal. Using food as a common language they hold events throughout the country and sometimes internationally. At these events, you can taste dishes prepared by the chefs and help support their worthy cause. The aim of the Chefs for Peace is to promote understanding and coexistence between the different cultures in the region and hopefully reduce conflict. The chefs see food as the universal means of encountering new cultures. In the past Chefs for Peace events have been held in many countries like Norway, Canada, Italy and most often in Israel. Check out their list of upcoming events on the Chefs for Peace website.So French So Good, FebruaryFor the fourth year running So French, So Good is putting the spotlight on French cuisine with the help of 28 restaurants and 4 bakeries from around the country. This culinary festival is presented by Israeli chefs and bakeries in collaboration with French chefs to create French/Israeli fusion dishes. The festival is run by the French Embassy in Israel and is held at the beginning of February (February 8-10, 2016). For the 2016 festival one of the participants was Chef Laurent Azoulay, a Michelin-star chef from L’Ekrin restaurant in Meribel, ski resort in the French Alps who joined Meir Adoni of the BlueSky restaurant and judge on one of Israel’s cooking reality shows. Other chefs who have joined together for the festival are Chef Michel Sarran (Michelin rated) from Toulouse who worked together with Israeli Chef Moran Yanai who has his restaurant in Hotel Montefiore. By pairing up French chefs with Israeli chefs many amazing new creations are produced. The ideas and culinary customs of the French and Israeli culture come together to create a unique food. In the 2016 festival chefs came from Acre, Tiberias, Beer Sheva and Tel Aviv. While the international side of the equation was filled in by chefs like Ridha Khadher of the Au Paradis du Gourmand in Paris, Guillaume Gomez, head chef of the Presidential Palace Elysee and Stephane Leger of Archange restaurant in Saint Raphael. The festival will be held in restaurants across the country where the specially created menus will be on offer. In addition to the French culinary delights there are also screenings of food-related films at the French Institute in Tel Aviv, cookery classes at the Sheraton Tel Aviv and French alcohol tasting.Shokoland Chocolate Festival, FebruaryTel Aviv’s chocolate festival is held for three days at the historic Old Station complex – HaTachana. The country’s top chocolatiers come together to present a huge range of chocolates At the festival there are also cooking demonstrations, chocolate making demonstrations, chocolate displays, chocolate tastings, chocolate ice-creams, chocolate sculptures, chocolate fondue and even chocolate beer. The countries chocolate boutique stores will treating you to delicious chocolate in all shapes, flavors and colors.Diner en Blanc , Junehe concept behind this culinary event is to bring people together across a table to share a meal. The dinner is held the night before Tel Aviv’s famous Tel Aviv White Nights when the city’s restaurants, clubs and some stores stay open until the early hours of the morning. 2016 will be the 3rd annual Diner en Blanc event and about 500 people will take part. The location of this pop-up event is only announced an hour before the dinner to people who have previously registered online. Participants need to bring their own white table, white chairs and picnic basket full of delicious food. Dinner in White is an elegant and sophisticated event held in up to 60 locations around the world. The whole event is decorated in white with white table cloths, decorations and balloons. The participants are asked to attend wearing only white clothes. While eating their dinner there is live entertainment and dancing. The event is quiet exclusive with “friends bring friends” so you can’t really get an invitation unless you know someone who is already involved. There are also quite a lot of rules about etiquette and decorum at the event.Taste of Tel Aviv Food Festival ,JuneTel Aviv has literally thousands of restaurants from gourmet fine dining establishments to hole-in-the-wall humus places. You won’t be able to sample all that the city’s restaurants have to offer but you can do pretty well if you attend this festival held in the spring. Some of Israel’s most renowned chefs participate as well as many restaurants from the city. Each restaurant sets up a stall in the festival and offers a selection of food from their menu all at a drastically reduced price. The idea is to bring gourmet food to the general public at affordable prices. The festival is the largest food festival in the country and is visited by over a million people each year (making a profit of over a million dollars). Restaurants offer a tasting menu for a set discount price. Dates for the next festival have yet to be announced but it is usually held in Ganei Yehoshua (HaYarkon Park), Tel Aviv.Herzliya Marina Beer Festival ,JulyThe Herzliya Marina is a great place to visit even if you miss the festival; a large up-market mall faces the marina where yachts are docked along the edge of a wide expansive deck and plaza. This is where the festival is held, out in the open on long summer nights. The festival presents a wide variety of beers as well as a beer-brewing competition. While sipping beer and enjoying the sea breeze visitors are entertained by live performances by top Israeli artists.Chef, Eat!JulyUnlike other food festivals this one does not have one location or even one date; it is held in several restaurants across Jerusalem a number of times a year. Participating restaurants offer a two course meal at a discount price. Guests get a starter and main course for under 100ILS plus they can add a few extra shekels for dessert.Jerusalem Wine Festival, August2016 was the 13th year for this annual festival. It is Israel’s largest wine festival and features wine tastings, food stalls, workshops and live musical performances. The Israel Museum hosts this beverage event which feels a lot more cultural because of its surroundings than other alcohol festivals do. The event is held in the grounds of the museum where there are several sculptures and works of art. The festival celebrates Israeli wines and snacks are on offer while live music plays in the background. Approximately 60 Israeli wineries are represented offering over 100 different types of wine. In 2016 20,000 people are expected to attend. At the festival you can buy bottles of the Israeli wines to take home.Jerusalem Beer Festival, AugustThis is perhaps the biggest and most important annual beer event in Israel. Over the course of two days the festival is open from sundown until midnight and sees about 20,000 guests. 2016 will be the 11th year for the annual festival. In the past it has been held in the historic Old Train Station complex and at Gan HaAtzmut. At the event Israeli breweries set up stalls offering a taste of their brew. There are over 150 beers offered each year from large and micro-breweries including international labels. You have the opportunity to sample beer from Germany, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Japan and more. There are even some unusual beers like banana infused beer. In addition to the beer guests will be entertained by live musical performances and the beer is accompanied by a great selection of food. There will also be beer making demonstrations and an arts and craft market. In 2015 tickets cost 40ILS.Around the World in Rishon LeZion, AugustThe world food fair (Yarid Colinari, Ta’am Olami) offers a taste of cuisine from countries around the globe and entrance is free. The festival is held in the 140 dunam Shikma Park along the avenue of palm trees and on the lawns of the park. Ten zones of the world are created featuring large models of the country’s landmarks; the country or region’s traditional foods as well as other cultural elements like national costume, traditional folk dancing and the local music. On the lawns of the park will be a Greek-style tavern selling beers, cocktails and wine from around the world. In the same area here will be a special section for cheeses from around the world and those entering the area where alcohol is sold will have to show ID to prove they are over 18. In the past the countries represented were America, France, Italy, Lebanon, China, Morocco, Greece, Russia and India.The Kosher Taste of the City, AugustIsraeli cuisine faces the unique challenge of contending with kosher law – no mixing of meat and milk; no seafood; no fish without scales and fins; meat must be from specific animals, slaughtered in a specific manner and prepared in a specific way. This is one of the rare festivals where kosher-observant Jews can enjoy the food on offer. The event is held on the Hof Argmon promenade in Natanya where kosher restaurants present their dishes for a small price (usually under 80ILS). Kitchenware is sold at the festival and there are a number of activities including kid’s entertainment and life musical performances. The festival lasts 10 days and about 50 kosher gourmet restaurants participate.Taste of the Galilee Food Festival, September/OctoberThis annual event is held in the Galilee region of northern Israel at Montfort Lake Park and select locations in the region usually during the Sukkot holidays. The festival features music, workshops, shows, children’s activities and foods produced and grown in the Galilee region. Cafes, restaurants and kibbutzim will be participating and presenting themed menus. The festival highlights the culinary world of northern Israel, the rich farm produce and cottage industry food products as well as the Galilee’s famous wines. Entrance is free to Montfort Lake Park where you can relax on the lawns between meals, rent pedal boats on the lake and enjoy the live performances in the evening. The festival opens in the park at noon and continues until sundown when the shows begin.Taybeh Oktoberfest, OctoberTaybeh is a small Christian village in Palestine’s West Bank surrounded by the majority Muslim communities. Although the Muslim majority prohibits alcohol for religious reasons the Christians of Taybeh have managed to keep one of the oldest trades in the Holy Land alive. Here the municipality has collaborated with the local brewery since 2005 in holding the West Banks only beer festival. The festival has gone from strength to strength and draws in approximately 16,000 visitors each year for the two day festival. The event boosts the local economy and has put the small village of Taybeh on the international map. The Taybeh Brewing Company’s beer is drunk in countries around the world and they have recently added wine to their product list. The wine is called “Nadim” and is produced in the company’s new winery which is beneath a boutique hotel built specifically to accommodate visitors to the brewery, winery and festival.Visiting the festival supports local businesses and helps to bring stability to this area of the country where life always seems to be in flux. The festival is usually held on the first Saturday and Sunday of October but exact dates for 2016 have not yet been announced. At the festival local music groups perform as well as international guest artists. Performances are in several venues and there are also local arts and crafts on sale as well as village tours, a small museum, a Taybeh beer tour and exhibitions held at the Society for the Preservation of Christian Heritage Historical Center of Taybeh. At past festivals there have been street hockey games, Henna body painting, prayer services in the three local churches, folklore dancing performances, stand-up comedy performances, a children’s program, karate demonstrations and a lottery. You can also buy local products like olive oil and honey. The festival helps to promote a different side of Palestine to that perceived on the international news.A-Sham - Arab Food Festival of Haifa, December2016 was the first year for Israel’s Arab Food Festival. The festival looks to become an annual event and features 25 chefs, Jewish, Christian and Muslim from across the country. Arabic delicacies are created by chefs of all faiths in Israel, there are no borders or political conflict when it comes to Israel’s culinary community. Haifa is the perfect city to host this festival as citizens of all faiths share the city and mostly live in harmony side-by-side. The Holiday of Holidays is an annual event when Hanukah, Christmas and Eid al-Fitr are celebrated together by events held throughout the city. The Arab Food Festival is now a part of the annual Holiday of Holidays events. The festival was the idea of Arab Israeli chef Nof Atamna-Ismaeel, the winner of Israel’s 2014 reality show Master Chef (and also a microbiologist). The festival highlights traditional Arabic cuisine which is fast disappearing from the local culinary landscape. The Levantine kitchen is presented in a number of variations to show the cultural context of these dishes and the traditional lifestyles. Many of the traditional Arabic dishes are very labor intensive and many are associated with specific events like religious festivals, weddings and celebrating a new born. Among the traditional Arabic foods on offer there is hilbe, commonly eaten by Yemeni Jews and made out of fenugreek seeds; habisa, a black and white dessert sweetened with carob juice and haroumanieh, eggplant and green lentils prepared in pomegranate juice. Those wanting to enjoy the amazing Arabic foods on offer only need to pay 35ILS (2015 price); you then receive a map of 25 restaurants offering the festival dishes and you can set off to taste them at the various eateries. There are a number of additional festival events including a workshop given by Christian Orthodox Arab women of how to prepare traditional Christmas cookies; tastings of Galilee olive oil, honey, almonds and carob syrup and panel discussions.

The Jordan Valley stretches along the Jordan Rift Valley with the Upper Jordan Valley running from northern Israel through Hula Valley and to the Sea of Galilee’s northern shore and the Lower Jordan Valley running from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea in the south. The “Jordan Valley” often refers just to the Lower Jordan Valley. The valley forms the natural border between Jordan to the east and Israel and the West Bank to the west.The valley has steep escarpments on both sides; abundant water sources including the Jordan River; an agricultural climate and rich fertile soil. In the lower regions of the valley towards the Dead Sea the terrain changes and is mostly arid, hot desert. The lowest part of the valley is at the Dead Sea, where the shore is 400 m below sea level, the lowest point on Earth. The Jordan River runs the length of the valley from its sources in northern Israel south into and out of the Sea of Galilee and further south into the Dead Sea.Inhabitants of the Jordan ValleyThe valley is home to 7,000-11,000 Jews and 56,000-65,000 Palestinians. Large communities include about 28 Jewish cities like Beit Shean, Megiddo, Mehola, Ma’aleh Ephraim, and Bekaot. There are about 10 Palestinian citiesincluding Jericho. Jericho is one of the largest Palestinian cities in the Jordan Valley.Jordan Valley in the BibleThe Old Testament refers to the Jordan Valley several times mentioning its fertile lands and miracles that took place in the valley. When the Israelites crossed over the Jordan River into the Promised Land they arrived in the Jordan Valley at Qasr el-Yehud. It was at the same site that Christians believe John the Baptist baptized Jesus. This site is now a tourist destination where it is possible to be baptized in the Jordan. Another possible baptismal site is Yardenit located further north near the Sea of Galilee.History of the Jordan ValleyThe Jordan Valley became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1486. World War I ended Ottoman rule in Palestine and the British and French divided the spoils resulting in the Jordan Valley becoming British territory in 1918. The land east of the Jordan River became the Emirate of Transjordan and the valley west of the river was part of the British Mandate of Palestine.In 1947 following WWII the UN assigned the northern portion of the valley to the new Jewish state and the southern portion to a new Arab state. However, the surrounding Arab nations did not support this plan and attacked Israel sparking the 1947-48 Israeli War of Independence. During the war, Israel managed to push back the invaders on all fronts however the Jordanians managed to keep control of both sides of the Jordan Valley along the West Bank/Jordanian border. From 1948 to1967 Jordan controlled the valley and prohibited Jewish settlements. In the 1967 Six-Day War Israel captured most of the Jordan Valley.The Jordan Valley TodaySince the 1967 war relations have been good between Jordan and Israel across the Jordan Valley. In the 1990s the Oslo Accords gave Israel administration over most of the valley and placed about a quarter of Palestinian territory of the West Bank within the Jordan Valley. Over the years several Jewish settlements have been established in the Jordan Valley’s Israeli-administrated “Area C” while the Palestinian government controls all areas of the valley in “Area A.”Israel is reluctant to give up the Jordan Valley because of its vital water sources and its high ridges which offer a natural defensive barrier. If war were to break out between Israel and its neighbors to the east the Jordan Valley would be a vital defense line. Today there are border posts in the Jordan Valley into the Palestinian West Bank and the Allenby Bridge Border Crossing into Jordan. The valley’s beauty and historic landmarks make it a popular destination for travelers.

While on vacation in Israel you might want to see a movie so here is some useful information about Israeli cinemas.What is an Israel Cinema Like? Israeli cinemas are very much like the ones you would go to in the US or Europe. International movies dominate the screens with most coming from the US and the UK. Luckily for English-speaking visitors, international English-language movies are subtitled rather than dubbed. So you can enjoy the film just as you would in your home country.The one exception is animated children’s films. These are usually dubbed into Hebrew so ask at the box office if there is also an un-dubbed screening. Israeli cinemas also screen home-grown movies which are in Hebrew and with Hebrew subtitles most of the time. Israeli cinema is of a very high standard especially Israeli comedy. You would probably enjoy an Israeli comedy film even without knowing the language. Screening times are approximately from 10:00 in the morning to the last show at 22:00. Cinema complexes often have later showings including midnight shows. Cinema City complexes have a VIP cinema in addition to the regular cinemas. VIP tickets are more expensive but include an open buffet of movie food like popcorn, coffee, cold drinks, wine, chips, cakes, pretzels and ice cream. In the VIP cinema you get to sit on comfortable armchairs and can even have a blanket if you’re cold!Price of Israeli MoviesYou can book cinema tickets online (but the sites are in Hebrew only) or at the box office. Once you get to the cinema you can line up at the box office and purchase your tickets or use the automatic ticket machine. Tickets can be bought in advance or just before the show starts. Ticket prices are standardized and there is no children’s discount. A regular cinema tickets costs 38ILS, a discount ticket (for soldiers) is 26ILS, seniors 19ILS for Israeli films and 26ILS for international films. 3D movies cost a little more at 45ILS. VIP movies cost 129ILS. Purchasing your tickets online or over the phone cost slightly more and many credit cards offer 1+1 deals. Movies at Cinemateuqe Tel-Aviv cost 38ILS to 41.6ILS.Top Israeli Cinema ComplexesTel-Aviv the CinematequeIn Tel-Aviv the Cinemateque (2 HaArba’a St.)is the best known complex and screens mainly independent films, festival films, foreign language films, classic movies and artistic films. There are 5 cinema theatres at the Cinemateque complex. There is also a Cinemateque in Haifa and Jerusalem. The main cinema complexes in Israel are Cinema City and Yes Planet. Many of the cinema complexes have entertaining décor, life-size figures of famous movie stars, and offer other activities in addition to the movies. The cinema complexes are often in malls. One of the most popular and fun complexes close to Tel-Aviv is Cinema City Glilot. The Cinema City Jerusalem (10 Yitzchak Rabin Blvd.) is the largest cultural and entertainment center in the city. It has 8 floors, 19 cinema theatres, restaurants, cafes, other kinds of indoor entertainment and a mall. The corridors of the complex are brightly decorated with film characters, posters and activities for kids.If you are interested in Israeli culture, feel free to read the article on The History of Cinema in Israel.

The Church of the Redeemer is a Protestant church in Jerusalem belonging to the Protestant Jerusalem Foundation of the Evangelical Church in Germany. Today the church serves a congregation that worships in English, Danish, German, and Arabic. History of the Redeemer Church in JerusalemPrior to the church’s construction, the land belonged to the Ottoman rulers. Following the inauguration of the Suez Canal in 1869, the Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid gifted the land to the Prussian royal family. The church was built between 1893 and 1898 according to the design of German architect Friedrich Adler. It was built on the ruins of the 12th-century Crusader Church of St. Maria Latina. The Redeemer Church was inaugurated on Reformation Day in 1898 in the presence of the Prussian Kaiser Wilhelm II. The Provost’s Office was built adjacent to the church by the Berlin state architect Robert Leibnitz in 1910. The remains of the earlier Crusader church cloister and refectory were included in the new building design. The double-story cloister forms the inner courtyard of the building and the former refectory is now used by the community for receptions. The church closed in May 1940 and reopened ten years later with services held by the Palestinian Lutheran congregation. Later the Evangelical congregation resumed services in German. The church’s present appearance dates back to renovations done in the 1970s. Visiting the Lutheran Church of the RedeemerToday the Romanesque Revival-style church is the center for Protestant worship in Jerusalem. Below the church is an archaeological park called “Durch die Zeiten'' or Through the Ages. Visitors to the archaeological site can learn about Jerusalem’s development up to the time of Herod the Great. The church cloister houses a museum with exhibits on Jerusalem history. In the church garden, you can see a memorial marking where the headquarters of the Crusader Order of the Knights of St. John once stood. The church tower, which was designed by Kaiser Wilhelm II, offers magnificent views across the Old City. Visitors can climb the tower, and see the excavations beneath the church from Monday to Saturday, 10 am to 5 pm, for an entrance fee of 15 ILS.

Mahane Yehuda Market (also known as ‘the shuk’ in Hebrew) is one of Jerusalem’s most well-known and beloved landmarks. Stretching from Jaffa Street to Agrippas Street, it has a unique appeal, fusing tradition with modernity. The market stocks everything from fruit and vegetables to meats and cheeses; from hardware to clothing and jewelry to Judaica. Ideal both for strolling and shopping, it captures the essence of Jerusalem with its intoxicating sights, smells and sounds.This history of Mahane Yehuda dates back to the Ottoman period when, at the end of the 19th century, local peasants came to sell their wares and turned it into an organized market. It continued to develop under the British Mandate but attempts to transform its somewhat dilapidated, ramshackle appearance were generally unsuccessful. In the 1930s, a new market was built and a number of tradespeople applied for financial help from the Jerusalem municipality, in order to build permanent stores.After the State of Israel was born, the market continued to develop but only in the last two decades has it transformed itself. Historically, it was a place where people came, primarily, to buy produce but the project to revitalize it has been extremely successful. Today, it hosts eclectic eateries (from hummus to fish and chips), independent coffee shops and bars that sell over 100 different kinds of craft Israeli beer.The open-air part of the market is predominantly for meat, fish and vegetables whilst the covered section caters more for ‘culinary tourists’ hunting out local spices, sweets, and teas. Many of the stalls (‘bastas’ in Hebrew slang) are run by individuals whose families have been in the business for generations.The revitalization of Mahane Yehuda also means that whilst by day, it’s packed with traders, by night it is transformed into space where visitors can eat, drink and listen to live music. Popular both with locals and tourists, a good time to see it at its most frenetic is Friday lunchtime when most locals are preparing for the Shabbat and therefore stocking up their larders. The market closes only after the city’s famous siren has sounded and does not open again until Sunday morning.The annual festival at Mahane Yehuda includes puppet shows, live performances and a variety of food-related events. And even though the market is quiet on Shabbat (Saturday), its street art is easy to spot, since it is spray-painted on many of the stores’ metal shutters. This project is the brainchild of Solomon Souza and his colorful creations include Mahatma Gandhi, Albert Einstein, and Bob Marley. Since there are many shutters not yet painted, it seems that the project has no end in sight.

Israel’s national cemetery is on the northern slopes of Mount Herzl in Jerusalem between the Jerusalem Forest and Yad VaShem Holocaust Museum on the western slope. The cemetery is where the country’s greatest leaders and military dead are buried. The mount is named after Binyamin Ze’ev (Theodor) Herzl, founder of modern Zionism, who is entombed on the crest of the hill. Mount Herzl is also called Mount of Remembrance and is the venue for Israel’s national memorial services held on Remembrance Day and other commemorative events.Creation of the Mount of RemembranceIn August 1949 Herzl’s remains were brought from Vienna and re-interred on a hill facing the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. The mount was renamed Mount Herzl in his honor and fallen soldiers from the 1947-1949 War of Independence (Palestine War) were buried on the northern slope. The same year military leaders met to discuss the site of a national cemetery. Hungarian architect Asher Hiram won the tender to design a new national cemetery and together with a landscape gardener, Haim Giladi, he created a beautiful and dramatic site spread out over 25 acres.Israel’s National CemeteryAt the entrance to the cemetery, heavy metal doors remain open at all times and lead to a 250m-long path lined by cedar trees. The graves are all the same, regardless of the deceased’s age or rank. Each grave is 30 centimeters high, with a stone border and covered with a bed of rosemary. The stone features added by Hiram are softened by Giladi’s garden plan that includes hundreds of cedar, pine, and cypress trees, ivy, and bursts of color from petunias, geraniums, chamomile, lavender, snapdragons, and roses. The central path leads to a memorial honoring the 140 men Jewish soldiers who died on SS Erinpura in WWII. The Erinpura memorial is a shallow pool shaped like a ship with the names of the fallen inscribed on the floor of the pool.Herzl’s TombHerzl’s tomb is a large, solid black granite stone square inscribed with his name. Herzl’s will included the request to be buried in Eretz Israel together with his family. In 2006 the remains of Herzl’s daughter Pauline and his son, Hans were moved to Mount Herzl. A third daughter died in the Holocaust and her final resting place is unknown. Herzl’s parents and sister are buried beside his tomb. The adjacent Stephen Norman Park is dedicated to Herzl’s grandson.Graves and Memorials on Mount HerzlAmong the 3,400 graves are those of many brave soldiers who died in the line of duty as well as prestigious leaders buried in the Great Leaders of the Nation plot. The plot holds Israeli prime ministers Golda Meir, Levi Eshkol, Yitzhak Shamir, Shimon Peres, and prime minister Yitzhak Rabin. Several Israeli presidents are also buried in this section of the cemetery including Chaim Herzog. Other distinguished leaders buried here include members of the Israeli parliament; Ze’ev Jabotinsky and the iconic Jerusalem mayor Teddy Kollek. One of the cemetery plots is reserved for graves of members of the World Zionist Organization.Memorials in the Herzl Cemetery include the Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial; a memorial to Jewish underground fighters; a memorial to the last of kin of Holocaust survivors who died serving in the Israeli army and a memorial to Ethiopian Jewish immigrants. A garden honors soldiers missing in action. Each plot in the cemetery is dedicated to a category of fighters including those that lost their lives in WWII, the Six-Day War, Lebanon War, Christian, Druze, and Muslim IDF soldiers, and more. Each grave tells a tragic story of immense heroism and a walk through Herzl Cemetery is a testament to the price paid by the Jewish people for their homeland.

You can reach the Ramat Gan Zoo from Tel Aviv in under half an hour, and it is a world apart! The first section of the zoo is an open “safari” area where visitors can drive through in their own cars, or in the zoo bus. Here there are animals roaming freely, as if in their natural habitat. Ostriches come up to your car window, and herds of zebras, gnus, or oryx could cross the road in front of you. The safari section is quite short, but you’ll see a wide range of animals, and really get up close. Of course, you’re not allowed to feed them or open your window! Once you’ve gone through the safari section you reach a large car park and the entrance to the zoo area. The grounds are covered in lush gardens, with trees offering shade along the walking route through open-air animal enclosures that recreate the animals’ natural habitats. It can take 2-3 hours to walk through the zoo or you could rent a golf cart to get around. The zoo has several playgrounds, a small man-made lake, and a restaurant. The last section is the lion enclosure, which you visit as you leave the zoo and make your way to the exit in your car or the safari vehicle. The lion enclosure is a recreated natural habitat, and visitors have a safari experience driving among the lions.About the Ramat Gan ZooThe zoo is spread across 250 acres (100 hectares) and is home to approximately 1,600 animals, the largest collection of animals in the Middle East. Among the zoo, creatures are elephants, giraffes, gorillas, hippopotami, penguins, crocodiles, polar bears, tigers, leopards, and a colorful flock of birds. In 1958 a kids’ petting zoo was opened in the National Park of Ramat Gan. A drive-thru African Animal Park was opened on the site in 1974, and in 1981 the zoo was created within the park to replace the Tel Aviv Zoo which had recently closed. Today the zoo has over 700,000 visitors a year and works in collaboration with zoos in neighboring countries and beyond. The zoo is a member of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums. They participate in international breeding programs for endangered species and various enrichment programs.Special Happenings at the Ramat Gan ZooThe zoo hosts special night safaris where you take a mini-train through the grounds, guided by one of the zoo employees. There are regular feeding times at the zoo and a large performance area where kids’ shows are presented during the Israeli school holidays. Visitors can also celebrate birthdays here, and take a private guided safari tour.Visiting the Ramat Gan ZooThe zoo is open daily, except for the Yom Kippur, Holocaust Day, and Israel Memorial Day. Sunday to Thursday and Saturday, entrance is from 9 am to 2:30 pm but you can stay until the zoo closes at 4:30 pm. On Fridays and holidays the park opens from 9 am to 2 pm, and you can stay until closing at 4 pm.To visit Ramat Gan Zoo book a private tour of Tel Aviv.

The Golden GateJerusalem’s Old City is enclosed by massive 16th-century walls built during the reign of the Turkish Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. There are eight gates in the Old City walls but only the Golden Gate is sealed. The Golden Gate is also known as the Gate of Mercy, Sha’ar HaRachamim, and in the Mishnah, it is referred to as the Shushan Gate as it faces the ancient Persian city of Shushan. The Golden Gate is the only Jerusalem Old City gate on the eastern side of Temple Mount facing the Mount of Olives. It is a unique, mysterious gate shrouded in legend and religious prophecy. Looking at it you probably wouldn’t guess that this gate is the most important Old City gate in the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic faiths.The Golden Gate features two openings blocked with stonework and separated by a column. Each sealed opening is almost 4m wide and framed by a semicircular arch with a decorated frieze. The gateway’s rectangular tower stands out about 2m from the walls. On the interior side of the gate, the entrance opens into two vaulted areas.Jerusalem’s Golden Gate in Jewish TraditionThe Gate of Mercy would have given visitors the most direct access to the Jewish Temple. During the Crusader period, when Jews were denied access to Temple Mount they would come to this gate to pray and ask for mercy, hence the name in Jewish tradition – Gate of Mercy. According to Jewish tradition, the Messiah will enter the city through the Eastern Gate. Another Jewish tradition holds that on Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) a messenger was sent through the gate from the Temple to the desert with a sacrificial lamb.The Golden Gate in Christian TraditionAccording to some Christian literature the Golden Gate was where Mary’s parents, Anne and Joachim met following the annunciation when Mary learned of her future son. From this, the gate became a symbol of Mary’s miraculous conception. Some Christian writings say that this was the gate where Jesus entered the city on Palm Sunday. This could be true as we know Jesus came down from the Mount of Olives, which stands opposite the gate, and it is the gate nearest to the Temple site where Jesus was probably heading.The Gate of Eternal Life in the Islamic TraditionIn Muslim tradition, each of the gate’s two openings has a name – the southern opening is known as Bab al-Rahma (Gate of Mercy) and the northern one as Bab al-Taubah (Gate of Repentance). In Arabic, the complete gate is called Bab al-Zahabi or Bab al-Dhahabi (Golden Gate) as well as Gate of Eternal life. Muslims consider Jesus a prophet and Messiah and support the Christian belief that Jesus entered the city through this gate. The gate is believed by some to be the site of the final judgment and the site of the future resurrection. This has led to many Muslims being buried in the Muslim cemetery immediately outside the gate. The gate leads to the al-Aqsa compound on Temple Mount where the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque stands.Why is the Golden Gate, Jerusalem so Special?The Golden Gate is thought to be the oldest of the city’s eight gates; it may have been constructed in c.520 AD, although the exact date is unknown. Several times the gate was sealed and reopened by different rulers throughout the years- it was closed in 810 by Muslim rulers and reopened in 1102 by the Crusaders. In 1541 the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman ordered the gate sealed for the final time. Suleiman may have sealed the gate to better defend the city or because he wanted to prevent the fulfillment of the Jewish prophesy of the Messiah’s return through the Golden Gate. The Golden Gate holds an important place in Christian, Jewish, and Islamic traditions, and in all three religions, the gate is associated with the coming of the Messiah.

Hurva Synagogue holds a prominent position in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City. Today the synagogue may appear quite modern but its name "hurva" means "ruin" and this synagogue has been destroyed and rebuilt several times over the past 300 years. Its long and eventful history symbolizes the eternal determination of the Jewish people to preserve their heritage. The synagogue is an emblem of the city and its name is an acknowledgment of what can survive even after being a "ruin." The synagogue holds several surprises for visitors including a rooftop balcony and a basement of archaeological findings.The Synagogue of Rabbi Judah HaHasidIn 1700 a group of Ashkenazi followers of Judah HaHasid arrived in Jerusalem and managed to purchase land and build about 40 houses around a courtyard known as the Ashkenazi Compound in the Jewish Quarter. They ran out of funds to build their synagogue and ended up taking loans and donations. The synagogue was completed in 1700 on the remains of an earlier 15th century synagogue. However, the group failed to pay back their loans and angry Arab creditors burnt the synagogue to the ground. The Ashkenazim were imprisoned or banished from the city. The site was left in ruins for 140 years and was referred to simply as "Hurva" or "ruin."Beit Ya'acov SynagogueIn the early 19th century a group of Lithuanian Jews, students of the Vilna Ga'on, known as Perushim arrived in Jerusalem and set out to reclaim the Ashkenazi Compound. This was not an easy feat and involved many petitions to the Ottomans and the involvement of several European countries. The Perushim had to contend with the historical debts of Judah HeHasid followers 140 previously but they eventually managed to raise funds for reconstruction and pay off the Ottoman rulers. The synagogue was dedicated in 1864 and named Beit Ya'acov in memory of Baron James Jacob de Rothschild. The beautiful synagogue was designed by the Ottoman Sultan's architect and built in the Byzantine Revival style.In the 1948 War of Independence Jordanians bombed the synagogue as a sign that Jews would never again have a presence in Jerusalem. For 19 years the Jordanians occupied Jerusalem and the synagogue remained in ruins. Then in 1967, during the Six-Day War Israel took East Jerusalem. Various ambitious designs were submitted for rebuilding the synagogue but authorities couldn't agree on a plan. Architect Louis Kahn proposed a controversial modern, monumental design which was rejected. So in the light of indecision, a temporary memorial arch was established on the site of the ruined synagogue in 1977. The arch stood where one of the original four stone arches had stood supporting the synagogue's dome.The Rebuilding of Hurva SynagogueFinally, in 2000 plans were approved for the reconstruction of the synagogue. It was built to resemble the 19th-century Ottoman synagogue with four huge pilasters on each corner and four dramatic stone arches on each face of the building supporting a large dome. Jerusalem architect Nahum Meltzer designed the new synagogue which was inaugurated on March 15th, 2010. It stands on the west side of Hurva Square, one of the tallest buildings in the Old City, crowned by the magnificent white dome. Beneath the dome is a railing encircling the balcony where you can get 360º views. The synagogue has elongated arched windows, many with stained glass. Inside the synagogue's high ceiling reaches up to an inner balcony and the underside of the dome. The many windows flood the space with light that reflects off the white walls. Delicate, pastel-shaded murals highlight the architectural features and depict Biblical scenes. On one wall is the synagogue's Torah cabinet (Holy Ark) which is the tallest in the world. Beneath ground level, the synagogue basement contains archaeological remnants of the many incarnations this synagogue has gone through.

In the heart of the Jewish Quarter in Jerusalem's Old City is the Burnt House Museum. Almost 2,000 years ago the house was owned by the wealthy Katros family. Towards the end of the Great Revolt the house, together with most of Jerusalem, was destroyed and burnt to the ground by the Romans. Today the archaeological remains of this ancient family home give us insight into home life in the ancient city and the events leading to the destruction of the Second Temple.History of the Burnt HouseThe Katros home stood in the Upper City (today's Jewish Quarter) and looked out across a valley (today's Western Wall Plaza) to Temple Mount. The Lower City was built on the steep slopes surrounding the Upper City and was inhabited by poorer residents. In 66AD, the Great Revolt erupted in the Holy Land when Jews rebelled against the ruling Romans in protest of appropriation of land, mistreatment, and exorbitant taxation. In early 70AD Jerusalem was held under siege for seven months. The Romans first destroyed the Temple and Lower City while the Upper City was harder to reach and held out for another month. Inhabitants that had survived the siege were either killed or taken captive while the city burnt.Discovery of the Burnt HouseThe Burnt House was found while archaeologists were clearing part of the Jewish Quarter in the 1970s. Archeologists found stone walls burnt black from soot; fire-charred wooden rafters and everything covered in ash. Among the findings were artifacts confirming that the residents of the house were a well-off priestly family. There was a ritual bath (mikvah) where priests could carry out purification rituals before going to the Temple. Stone utensils were uncovered which would have been used by priestly families. Other findings in the Burnt House included stone vessels, kitchen utensils, dishes, tables, a grinding stone, Roman lamps, stone jars, and coins issued in 67-69AD. Archaeologists discovered the human remains of a woman buried according to Jewish tradition and a Roman spear which may have been used in the conflict.The Katros Family HomeThe Burnt House would have been the Katros family's palatial home covering about 55m² including a courtyard, four rooms, a ritual bath, a kitchen, and a basement workshop. Archaeologists found a stone weight in the workshop engraved with the words "Sons of Katros." This led to the belief that it was the house of the Katros family mentioned in the Talmud as an aristocratic priestly family that abused its position of power. The Talmudic passage tells us that the Katros were High Priests, their sons the treasurers, and their son-in-laws the trustees (Talmud Bavil, Pasachim 57,I ). The authenticity of the Burnt HouseThe Burnt House is one of the many authentic sites in Jerusalem. The inscription of the Katros family name on the stone weight found in the house connects it to the Talmud reference. The stone utensils indicate that the occupants were a priestly family abiding by the Jewish laws of purity to allow them to enter the Temple. The incredible amount of soot and ash in the excavated site as well as the burnt walls are a testament to the burning of the house. The fact that only coins predating 70AD were found confirms that this was one of the homes destroyed by the Romans in response to the Jewish uprising during the Great Revolt (66AD-70AD).Visiting the Burnt HouseOnly the basement of the once palatial home survived the fire. Visitors to the Burnt House can see the excavated dwelling and a display of artifacts. A short audio presentation tells the story of the Great Revolt; recreates the day-to-day lives of the family and tells of the storming of the city and torching of the house in 70AD.

Want a bird’s eye view of the Old City of Jerusalem, a place holy to three world religions and inhabited continuously for thousands of years? Then look no further than the Ramparts of the Old City of Jerusalem. This wonderful - and quite unique - way to get a feel for Jerusalem is a real hidden gem of an outing. Whilst it’s hardly off the beaten track (the Old City is one of Jerusalem’s most famous attractions) it’s not well-known that you can walk along its borders ‘ from above’ i.e. along its ramparts.History of the RampartsAffording 360-degree views of Jerusalem in two directions - either from Jaffa Gate to Lion’s Gate or Jaffa Gate to ZIon’s Gate - the ramparts (also known as fortifications) the walls of the Old City were built by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, ruler of the Ottoman Empire, between 1537 and 1541. For the most part, his engineers followed the same style of building that the Romans had used, when encircling Jerusalem in the 2nd century. Today, the ramparts afford 360-degree views of the city, from Jaffa Gate to Lion’s Gate (walking northwards) and Jaffa Gate to Zion/Dung Gate (in the southward direction).To this day, historians are not entirely sure why exactly Suleiman built these defensive walls. The military (and more pragmatic) explanation is simple - that the walls were constructed to fortify Jerusalem, making sure the city was protected from enemy invaders. But there is a second theory - albeit one that is more mystical. It is said that Suleiman was troubled with nightmares, in which lions were devouring him. He suspected that this was due to his evil deed and so, as a way to repent for this, he rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem which were, by that time, crumbling anyway.In the event, the stone walls that you now see today took four years to complete. Constructed around an area measuring a square kilometer, in total length, they measure 4,018 meters and, on average, stand at 12 meters high.The Seven Open City GatesAround the walls are 34 watchtowers and 7 open gates - Damascus, Jaffa, Lion, New, Dung, Zion, and Herold’s (Flowers). The Damascus Gate is probably the most famous of these, for centuries acting as a portal to the city. Walking through it, you are confronted by an open-air bazaar, selling every food and household goods imaginable. Look carefully and you will also see that, beneath the current gate, are the remains of an earlier gate. This dates back to Roman times (circa Emperor Hadrian). The eighth gate, Mercy, faces the Mount of Olives and is closed. According to Jewish tradition, this is the gate through which the Messiah will enter when he returns to Jerusalem. According to Muslim tradition, this is the gate upon which Mohammed will one day sit and pass judgment on those passing below.There are inscriptions and decorations around many of the gates, and each one is an attraction in its own right. Above the Jaffa Gate is the inscription “There is no God but Allah and Abraham is his friend.” This is taken to mean that both Muslims and Jews were equally welcome inside the city. At the Lion’s Gate, visitors can see decorative lions (which some also believe to be panthers). As pointed out before, the Damascus Gate represents East Jerusalem’s commercial center, complete with a lively and bustling market.Walking the RampartsThe Old City walls are capped with crenellations, which are ramparts built around the top. If you look carefully, you will see gaps at regular intervals and there is a military reason for this - they are holes through which arrows could be fired. Additionally, five parapets exist with floors that contain machicolations. These were openings through which soldiers could attack advancing enemies - and historians have noted that one of the more unpleasant ways they did this was to be able to throw boiling oil onto enemies and invaders.Today, it is possible to walk along the ramparts of the Old City, in two directions - one traveling north, from the Jaffa Gate to the Damascus Gate and the other, in a southward direction (which is., arguably, more popular) from David’s Tower to Mount Zion. Both routes offer spectacular views of the Old City, both inside and outside the walls. It is also to walk the city in its entirety. This involves descending from the southern trail at the Dung Gate, walking along the Easter Wall, then climbing back on the northern path at Lion’s Gate, and from there returning to Jaffa Gate.Let’s look at the two different paths upon which you can walk the ramparts:North Side WalkThis path is longer and covers more area (around 3.5 kilometers in total). It runs from Jaffa Gate to Lion’s Gate and, from there, it's an easy walk to the Dome of the Rock. It affords views of the Christian and Muslim Quarters, as well as the Mount of Olives, As you walk along, you will also see the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Temple Mount, Santa Anna Church, Rockefeller Museum, and the Kidron (Jehosshapat) Valley.South Side WalkThis walk is easier and shorter - approximately 1.5 kilometers). It begins at the ‘Migdal David’ (the Tower of David), next to Jaffa Gate, and ends between the Zion and Dung Gates. From there, the Kotel (Western Wall) is a short walk away. This path is a good way of drinking in the atmosphere and sites of both the Jewish and Armenian quarters, with their array of beautiful old buildings. Look carefully and you will see the stables of the Israeli police - used by the Ottoman, Jordanian and British police over the centuries.Practical InformationThere are points on both walks where you can descend to ground level if you want to do some exploring in the Old City. It’s important to bear in mind, however, that this is not a walk for older people, anyone who suffers from fear of heights, or families with young children in strollers. There are points at which the paths are rather uneven, with lots of steps, so a certain level of fitness helps! Don’t forget to wear a hat and take lots of drinking water too - temperatures can soar in the summer months. Tickets cost 20 NIS per person (10 NIS per child) and are valid for 2 days, in both directions. Included in the cost is a free vocal tour (available via a phone App). Tickets can be purchased online as well as at the information office, which is situated at the Jaffa Gate Information Desk (but closes at 2 pm on Friday afternoons, because of Shabbat). Even better, in the summer months, the ramparts tour is open until well after night falls, giving you the opportunity to see the city lit up - a truly memorable experience.So put on your most comfortable shoes, grab a ticket, and transport yourself back to Roman, Crusader, or Ottoman times, for a chance to witness unparalleled views of an extraordinary city and experience history in a completely unique way.

Tabachnik National Garden is located on the southern slopes of Mount Scopus in Jerusalem. It is situated alongside the Hebrew University and preserves several ancient Jewish tombs from the Second Temple Period (516 BC-70 AD). The garden also holds the Jerusalem American Colony Cemetery and the Bentwich Cemetery. The park has two lookout points one faces eastwards towards the Dead Sea and another faces westward with views of Temple Mount and the Dome of the Rock. Alongside the Second Temple era tombs is the City View Restaurant where there are magnificent views of the Old City.Jewish Burial Caves: The tombs we see today date back to the Second Temple era, the time of King Herod, and of Jesus. At the time, Mt Scopus was part of an extensive necropolis. It was conveniently outside the city walls, as no burials were allowed within the city. Today you can see the openings where bodies were put and left for a year to decompose.Then the bones were gathered and placed in an ossuary, and the caves could be used for different bodies. Until the Six-Day War of 1967, Mt. Scopus was a demilitarized zone disconnected from the rest of Jerusalem. The only Israelis allowed access were policemen who came to guard the abandoned university and other Jewish structures. In the leadup to the Six-Day War in 1967, there was a biweekly convoy that brought Israeli policemen to the university. Israeli soldiers hid ammunition and weapons on the vehicle, and once on the mount, they hid the munition in the ancient Jewish tombs, to be used later in the battle.The American Colony Cemetery: In 1881 Anna and Horatio Spafford of Chicago’s Christian Utopian Society established an American Colony in Jerusalem. The couple and their fellow settlers engaged in charitable works throughout Jerusalem during and after WWI. They believed that their philanthropic work would hasten the coming of the Messiah. Later the group was joined by Swedish Evangelists. The community remained active until the 1950s, and today their former communal home is the American Colony Hotel. The humble cemetery on Mt. Scopus holds the graves of these early Christian settlers and another American Colony cemetery can be seen on Mt. Zion. Among the American Christians buried here are Anna Spafford (1842-1923) and Jacob Spafford, the son adopted by the Spafford’s from a Turkish Jewish family. The cemetery has rows of identical grave-size gardens surrounded by a rustic stone wall.The Bentwich Cemetery: The small Bentwich Cemetery lies alongside the American Colony Cemetery, and is Jerusalem’s first and only family burial plot. It is named after Herbert Bentwich, a British Zionist leader. Entrance to the cemetery is via a simple concrete pointed archway. Through the steepled arch, you’ll find the graves lying beneath tall pine trees. Members of the Bentwich family are buried here. Bentwich, born in 1856, was Sir Moses Montefiore’s attorney, and he helped prepare the 1917 Balfour Declaration, proclaiming British support for the Jewish homeland. Among the tombstones that tell a story, are those of Herbert and his wife Susannah, and his son Norman who served as Attorney General during the British Mandate. Also see the gravestone carved with harps, where Herbert’s grandson Daniel lies. Daniel Balfour Bentwich was a musical prodigy and committed suicide at age 18.

If you’re lucky enough to tour the deep narrow gorge of Wadi Qelt, Israel, 4 km west of Jericho, then you can see one of the most spectacular sights in the Holy Land, Saint George’s Monastery. The location is close to the ancient road that Jesus would have walked on between Jerusalem and the Jordan Valley and where He set his parable of the Good Samaritan. The Greek Orthodox monastery was built in the 4th century clinging to the steep cliffs overlooking Wadi Qelt. At the time it was common for monks to abandon worldly distractions and travel into the Judean Desert where they would live in isolation in the caves of Wadi Qelt. In fact, the word “monastery” comes from the Greek meaning, “dwell alone.” The monastery is one of five monasteries in the Judean Desert but none as breathtaking as the Judean Desert Monastery of St. George.The History of St. George’s Monastery, Wadi QeltSaint George’s Monastery was established in the 5th century by the Egyptian monk John of Thebes (St. John of Choziba) together with five Syrian hermits that were living in caves overlooking Wadi Qelt. They chose the site because of its proximity to the cave where tradition holds that the Prophet Elijah was fed by ravens. Years after the original monks had settled in Wadi Qelt, Persian invaders rampaged through the gorge, destroying the monastery and killing the 14 monks that lived there. When the Crusaders arrived in 1179, they attempted to restore the abandoned monastery but their time in the Holy Land was over before they could complete their work. In 1878, more than a thousand years since the destruction of the monastery by the Persians, a Greek monk called Kalinikos devoted himself to restoring the monastery which was completed in 1901. Later, in the 1950s a bell tower was added.A Biblical LocationThe location has religious significance as Wadi Qelt is thought to be the Biblical Valley of the Shadow (Psalm 23) and it lies parallel to the old Roman road to Jericho where the parable of the Good Samaritan was set (Luke 10:29-37). The monastery is thought to be close to the cave where Elijah was fed by ravens (Kings I 17:5-6). St. Joachim (Mary’s father) is said to have stopped in a cave nearby to grieve over the barrenness of his wife St. Anne. An angel came to him in the cave to tell him that they would soon have a child.Who Was Saint George of Koziba?The monastery is named after its most famous monk, Saint George of Koziba (or Choziba). He was a Cypriot who left his home country as a teenager after both his parents were killed and traveled to the Holy Land to devote himself to God. Saint George of Choziba died in c.620.The Magnificent Monastery of St. GeorgeOn a trip to the monastery, you should dress modestly and act with respect as it is still a place of worship. A dusty road leads up to the monastery and you can either walk or ride on a donkey-taxi to the monastery gate. The gateway opens onto the middle level of the structure which has been built into the rockface.You will see a Greek flag flying as the remaining residents are Greek Orthodox monks. The monastery is a welcoming and inviting place; like an oasis in the desert. The resident monks will make you feel at home. Unlike many monasteries, female visitors are welcome thanks to the precedent set by a Byzantine woman who arrived at the monastery wanting to be healed and claiming that the Virgin Mary had directed her there. The monastery is built on three levels with two churches within the complex – the Church of the Holy Virgin and the Church of St. George and St. John. Both churches are rich with religious paintings, icons, and mosaics. The Church of the Holy Virgin has a magnificent Byzantine mosaic featuring a double-headed eagle in black, red, and white. There are 12th-century doors in the church’s iconostasis. The Church of St. John and St. George has a 6th-century mosaic floor and in the reliquary, there are the bones of the monks massacred by the Persians in 614AD and the tomb of St. George. The crypt also holds the remains of the original five Syrian hermits who established the monastery with John of Thebes. You can follow the stairs from the inner courtyard down to the Cave Church of St. Elijah. There is a basket on a rope that is used to hoist supplies up to the cave. The cave has a tunnel that acted as an escape route to the top of the mountain. There is a balcony on the inner courtyard where you can see the monastery’s lush irrigated gardens and look down on Roman aqueducts on the other side of the valley.How to get to Saint George’s Monastery in Wadi QeltIf you want to explore the Wadi on your visit to the monastery then follow highway #1 from Jerusalem and take left at Mitzpe Jericho then left again and left at the T-junction. Here you can stop for views of the Wadi and follow a path down to the valley bed to see the remains of the aqueduct bridge. About 450 meters further on is a wooden bridge that crosses Nahal Prat with the Ein Qelt pool on your left.From here you can hike west along the stream to a series of pools in Lower Nahal Prat or go east following the red trail for 2km until you get to the St. George Monastery. Alternatively, the monastery is not far from the Jerusalem-Dead Sea highway and from there you can reach the monastery entrance gate. From the gate, it is about a 15-minute walk to the buildings. The monastery welcomes guests from Monday to Saturday 9 am to 1 pm and is free to enter. It is safe to travel to the monastery but probably better to take aprivate tour, rather than traveling solo – just in case you get lost in the wilderness!

The original City of David was not built where today's Old City stands but on a ridge, outside the present Old City walls. Excavations in and around the City of David uncovered several ancient water systems that brought water from the Gihon Spring in Kidron Valley to pools inside the city, including the Pool of Siloam. For Christians, the Pool of Siloam is where Jesus restored a blind man's sight and for Jews, it is significant as the water source for ritual purification in the Temple. Today the Pool of Siloam is outside the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem on the slopes of the City of David, the original site of the City of Jerusalem.The Upper and Lower Pool of SiloamBy the 17th century BC, the Canaanites (Jebusites) had built a tower protecting Gihon Spring, connected to the city walls by fortifications and a tower protecting the pool. Excess water was released into the Kidron to irrigate farmland but this gave attacking troops access to freshwater. The large pool or basin was referred to as the Upper Pool. King Hezekiah(715BC-c.687BC) cut off access to the Gihon Spring and Upper Pool and built a new underground tunnel to protect Jerusalem's water source (2 Chronicles 32:2-4). In 2 Kings 20:20, we read how King Hezekiah built a pool and conduit to bring water into the city. This c.8th century BC underground channel is known as Hezekiah's Tunnel. The tunnel is 533m long, an average of 60cm wide, and 2 meters high. Hezekiah's Tunnel brought water from the spring to the Pool of Siloam, also known as the Second Temple Pool and the Lower Pool.Biblical Pool of SiloamThe Pool of Siloam was still in use during Jesus' lifetime. In John 9:7 we read how Jesus rubbed mud on the eyes of a blind man and told him to wash his eyes with the waters of the Pool of Siloam. The blind man's sight was miraculously restored. At the time, the Pool of Siloam would have been a gathering place where people came to get fresh water and where pilgrims stopped for water on route to the Temple. The pool may have been used as a Jewish ritual bath (mikvah) or Roman-style baths for swimming. Following the First Jewish-Roman War in 70AD the pool was destroyed and over the years, rain-washed soil down from the surrounding hills until the pool was covered completely and forgotten.The Traditional Pool of Siloam – The Byzantine PoolIn the 5th century AD, the Byzantine Empress Eudocia built the Our Savior the Illuminator Church and a pool at the end of Hezekiah's Tunnel to commemorate the site of Christ's miracle. For years this was the traditional site of Christ's miracle. This narrow rectangular pool has survived and today is surrounded by high stone walls. This is where walkers exit Hezekiah's Tunnel. The ruins of the Byzantine church can be seen nearby.Visiting the Pool of SiloamDuring the excavation of the City of David in 2004, the real biblical Lower Pool where Jesus cured a blind man was uncovered just 50 meters from the Byzantine pool. Excavation revealed five steps on three sides of a 60mX50m trapezoid-shaped pool dating to the 1st century AD. It was only possible to excavate a section of the pool which lies partially under a beautiful garden owned by the Greek Orthodox Church. Today access to Hezekiah's Tunnel is through the excavated City of David. Visitors go down Warren's Shaft (an ancient Canaanite water shaft) to reach the tunnel. They can then walk along the tunnel to the Pool of Siloam. You need to use a flashlight and come prepared to walk through the water. Alternatively, the dry Canaanite tunnel starts at the same place and brings you to the Pool of Siloam.

Church of Mary MagdaleneThe Russian Orthodox Church of Mary Magdalene stands on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. Its golden domes among the greenery of the mount are a beautiful and slightly incongruous sight. You can see the domes from across the Kidron Valley as you approach the Old City. In 1886 Tsar Alexander III and his brothers commissioned the construction of the church in memory of their mother Empress Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. The church was named after the Empress's patron saint, Mary Magdalene, and consecrated in 1888 in the presence of the Tsar's brother Grand-Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and his wife Grand-Duchess Elizabeth (now buried in the church).Design of the Church of Mary MagdaleneThe church was designed by Russian architect David Grimm and has the traditional Russian tented-roof associated with 16th-17th century Russian churches. It has seven gilded onion domes with multiple levels and turrets in white sandstone. From a distance the magical church is magnificent but it is also worth getting a closer look. The church is surrounded by a tranquil garden. Inside there are many Orthodox icons and liturgical paintings. The Grand Duchess commissioned Russian artist Sergei Ivanov to create a series of paintings depicting the life of Saint Mary Magdalene. The iconostasis is of marble and bronze with icons by Russian artist Vereshchagin. To one side stands the 16th century miracle-working, icon of the Virgin Mary, "Hodigitria", which is said to have withstood fire and cured people of cholera.Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of RussiaThe remains of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia (1864-1918) are buried in the church. Originally from Germany, she married the Tsar's brother, Grand Duke Sergei. Following her husband's assassination in 1905 she became a nun founding the Marfo-Mariinsky Convent, to help the less fortunate of Moscow. During the Russian Revolution she was arrested and executed by the Bolsheviks. Her remains were found by White Russians and removed to the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing. In 1920 her remains were quietly transferred to the Mary Magdalene Church in Jerusalem along with those of Nun Barbara, her former maid. They were both made Russian Orthodox saints in 1981.Princess Alice of GreeceAlso buried here is Princess Alice of Greece (1885-1969), mother of Prince Philip, husband to British Queen Elizabeth II. In Princess Alice's later years the eccentric royal became a nun and devoted her life to charity work in Greece where she hid Jewish refugees during WWII. Her dying wish was to be buried in the Church of Mary Magdalene near the grave of her aunt the Grand Duchess Elizabeth. Ironically Princess Alice had protected Jews and been recognized as a Righteous Gentile while the Grand Duchess Elizabeth's husband, Sergei was known to have had over 25,000 Jews expelled from Moscow during his time as governor of the city in 1891.Who Was Mary Magdalene?The Russian church is named after Biblical character Mary Magdalene, a faithful follower of Jesus. Mary is believed to have been Christ's closest female follower and some even consider her a female disciple. The Gospel of Mark tells us how Mary was the first to see Christ after his resurrection. She may have been one and the same with Mary of Bethany and she is named in the Gospel as one of the few people present at the crucifixion.Convent of St. Mary MagdaleneThe religious sisterhood of St. Mary Magdalene was established in 1936 by Mary Robinson (Mother Mary), a British convert to Orthodox Christianity. The sisterhood has convents across the globe including in Israel. The sisters are known for their artistic skills and visitors to the convent can buy hand-painted Russian eggs, painted icons, embroidered vestments, hand-made incense and other artistic creations. They are also known for their liturgical singing. The nuns pray and hold daily services in the Church of Mary Magdalene.

The Knesset is the legislative branch of the Israeli government or parliament which sits in the Knesset compound in Givat Ram, Western Jerusalem. The Knesset is located on a hilltop; it is near the Israel Museum, Supreme Court, Jewish National Library, and other government offices. The building was completed in 1966 and since then has undergone several renovations and extensions including the addition of new wings in 1992 and 2007. Today it is one of the “greenest” parliament buildings in the world with solar panels covering the roof, auto-close air-conditioners, recycled paper, and thermally insulated double-paned windows. The construction of the original assembly building was funded by James de Rothschild and completed in 1966. It was built on land leased from the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Over the years there have been additions to the complex with structures built around the assembly building including the Negba Wing in 1992 and the Kedma Wing in 2008. Today it is possible to tour the Knesset and its many points of interest. The Knesset is interesting not only because of its political and national importance but also for its architecture, artwork, and gardens.Israeli Government at the KnessetThe 120 Knesset members gather at the Knesset assembly building to enact laws, debate national issues, and work in multiple committees to oversee the workings of the country. The Knesset was convened for the first time in February 1949 following the independence of the State of Israel and the first election. The elected representatives voted to the name of the legislative body "Knesset", which means assembly or gathering in Hebrew. The parliament met in several locations before moving to its present location.Knesset ArchitectureThe Knesset building was designed by Joseph Klarwein, although the outcome was very different from Klarwein's original plan and several architects were involved in different parts of the planning and construction. As a result, the building's architecture is a mixture of styles. The Knesset building is square with 10 columns on each side. Much of the building is constructed with concrete and the exterior walls have a reddish stone from the Galilee. The plenum (Assembly Hall) is three stories high with the Knesset members seated in a horse-show shape on the plenum floor facing a dais where the Speaker sits. Behind the dais, the wall is adorned with a piece by sculptor Dany Karavan. Looking down over the plenum floor are the VIP gallery and the public gallery. Nearby the Chagall State Hall features art by Marc Chagall. The Russian-born Jewish artist created three tapestries entitled "The Vision of the Final Redemption," "Exodus," and "Return to Zion" as well as floor and wall mosaics.Knesset Art WorkThe first sight you see as you approach the acropolis-looking Knesset building is a large bronze seven-branched Menorah by the British sculptor Benno Elkan engraved with scenes from Jewish struggles throughout the years. It was a gift from the British Labor Party in 1956. Nearby are entrance gates with abstract forms symbolizing the destruction of European Jewry in WWII and an adjacent memorial dedicated to all fallen Israeli soldiers; both by sculptor David Palombo. At the entrance to the Knesset, there is a memorial to the fallen soldier designed by sculptor Zelig Segal. The main doors of the Knesset building are by Zelig Segal and entitled "Gate of the Tribes." The wood and copper doors depict ancient Jewish symbols, the gathering of the Diaspora, and the symbols of the 12 Tribes of Israel. Other noteworthy works of art in the Knesset include the embossment by Dan Ben-Shmuel; the ceramic wall by Hava Kaufman; the Seven Species Menorah by Eliezer Weishoff and works by world-renowned artist Reuven Rubin. There is also a photography exhibition by Knesset's former official photographer, David Rubinger. The Archaeological Garden features artifacts uncovered in Jerusalem from six historic periods.The Garden tour is self-guided and open to all (no matter if visiting alone or with a group).You will also see work by Joseph Kuzkovsky, Josheph Israels, Marc Hirschberg, Ahuva Sherman, Pinhas Litvinovsky and Yaacov Eisenscher. Works of art on display include the 17th century Holy Ark which came from the Jewish community in Saragna, Italy. Near to the Knesset building is the Wohl Rose Park which stands between the Knesset and the Supreme Court. The garden boasts 400 varieties of roses including a rose from each country in the world, miniature roses, and experimental hybrid species of roses.Visiting the KnessetOn a tour of the Knesset, visitors are introduced to the principles of Israeli democracy and to the role the Knesset plays in the working of the country. Visitors get to see the magnificent works of art on display in the Knesset building and visit the Knesset Committees Wing, Plenary Hall, Chagall Hall, and an exhibit of the Israeli Declaration of Independence. In addition, it is sometimes possible to observe plenary debates from the Visitors' Gallery.Note that there is a dress code in the Knesset for all those over 14 years old; wearing shorts, torn pants, shirts with political slogans, sleeveless shirts, ¾ pants, belly tops, and flip-flops are prohibited. You can park in the HaLe’om Car Park near the Supreme Court and take the free shuttle up to the Knesset building. The shuttle leaves every fifteen minutes. Take your parking ticket to be stamped after the tour to receive free parking.

Church of Saint Peter in GallicantuThe Church of St. Peter in Gallicantu (Church of the Cock) clings to the sheer eastern slope of the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. This eye-catching church commemorates the site of the High Priest Caiaphas house. Jesus was brought to the High Priest Caiaphas' house and sentenced to death by the Sanhedrin. It was here Saint Peter denied Christ on the eve of the crucifixion. Today, Pilgrims following in the footsteps of Christ's Passion, stop at the Church of Saint Peter in Gallicantu. The first church built to mark this Biblical location was in the Byzantine era, in 457AD. Since then consecutive churches have been built, destroyed, and rebuilt on this site. The present Church of Saint Peter in Gallicantu was built here in 1931 by the Assumption congregation, a French-speaking religious order. The unusual name of the church comes from Gallicantu – the Latin word for cockcrow.The Authenticity of the Site of the High Priest's HouseAs early as 333AD Christian pilgrims named this the location of Caiaphas' house. Excavation at the site of the Church of St. Peter in Gallicantu has uncovered structures that would have been present at the Caiaphas' house including a water cistern, storage rooms, servants' quarters, and a corn mill. They have also uncovered part of a door lintel inscribed with the Hebrew word "Korban" or sacrificial offering. Some Christians believe that the High Priest's house was not here but at the Armenian Orthodox Church of the House of Caiaphas on Mount Zion.The Biblical Significance of the Church of Saint Peter in GallicantuThe church commemorates an event that is retold in all four of the Gospels. Jesus sat with his disciples and doubted their loyalty. He then predicted that Peter would deny him three times, before the second crow of the cock. Although Peter was adamant that he would never betray Christ, he did in fact deny knowing Christ three times before dawn. In Acts 5:19-42, we read about the imprisonment of Peter and John which may have been in the prison cells beneath the present-day church.Features of the Church of Saint Peter in GallicantuVisitors to the church enter through a courtyard with a statue depicting St. Peter, the woman who asked St. Peter if he knew Jesus, a rooster, and a Roman Soldier. The entrance opens on to the upper level where there are two excavated Byzantine mosaics from the 5th century Byzantine basilica that once stood here. At the rear of the church are three large mosaics featuring Christ being questioned by the Caiaphas after his arrest; the Last Supper and Peter dressed as the first pope. On the middle level of the church, icons depict Peter's denial, repentance, and reconciliation with Jesus.Christ's PrisonDescending to a lower level you can see several rock-hewn caves dating back to the 2nd Temple Period. This kind of cave-like chamber was common in Roman homes. There is a rock-hewn guardroom and prison cell where Jesus could have been held beneath the house. The prison cell is considered sacred and called the Sacred Pit or Christ's Prison. Roman methods of imprisonment and punishment are illustrated by chains attached to the walls and a small opening in the wall allowed guards to keep an eye on the prisoners. A rope and harness would have been used to lower the prisoner into the cell through a narrow shaft opening. A mosaic depicting Jesus in such a harness can be seen on the exterior south wall. On the roof is a golden rooster on a black cross giving a visual reminder of Christ's prophesy that Peter would deny Him three times before the cock crows.